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161.
Uwe Gbureck Jake E. Barralet Michael Hofmann Roger Thull 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2004,87(2):311-313
It was found that prolonged high-energy ball-milling of Hilgenstokite (tetracalcium phosphate, TTCP) resulted in a decrease in both particle and crystallite size, leading to a mechanical activation of the compound. This mechanically activated material demonstrated a high reactivity such that, in contrast to highly crystalline TTCP, a setting reaction with water to nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (HA) and Ca(OH)2 could be achieved at 37°C. However, crystalline TTCP is practically unreactive at physiologic temperatures because of the formation of a thin HA layer on the particle surface preventing further reaction. 相似文献
162.
Guiqiang Wang Ruifeng Lin Yuan Lin Xueping Li Xiaowen Zhou Xurui Xiao 《Electrochimica acta》2005,50(28):5546-5552
A novel Pt counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSC) was prepared by thermal decomposition of H2PtCl6 on NiP-plated glass substrate. The charge-transfer kinetic properties of the platinized NiP-plated glass electrode (Pt/NiP electrode) for triiodide reduction were studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Pt/NiP electrode has the advantage over the platinized FTO conducting glass electrode (Pt/FTO electrode) in increasing the light reflectance and reducing the sheet resistance leading to improve the light harvest efficiency and the fill factor of the dye-sensitized solar cells effectively. The photon-to-current efficiency and the overall conversion efficiency of DSC using Pt/NiP counter electrode is increased by 20% and 33%, respectively, compared to that of using Pt/FTO counter electrode. Examination of the anodic dissolution and the long-term test on the variation of charge-transfer resistance indicates the good stability of the Pt/NiP electrode in the electrolyte containing iodide/triiodide. 相似文献
163.
Yinzhong Guo Vijay M. Mannari Pulin Patel John L. Massingill 《Journal of Coatings Technology and Research》2006,3(4):327-331
A series of soybean oil phosphate ester polyols (SOPEP) was prepared by reaction of fully epoxidized soybean oil with phosphoric
acid and simultanoeous hydrolysis in the presence of a polar solvent. The polyols were characterized by determination of acid
value, oxirane number, hydroxyl value, molecular weight (GPC), and FTIR spectra. These polyols with varying amounts of acid
phosphate groups could be self-emulsified to form aqueous dispersions after neutralization with organic base. These aqueous
dispersion showed varying degrees of stability and their appearance ranged from opaque dispersions to translucent to clear
solutions. Waterborne coating compositions were prepared using these aqueous dispersions as principal components and their
thermally cured film properties were studied. it was found that by careful selection and formulation, SOPEPs can be successfully
used for low-VOC waterborne coating formulations. SOPEPs with 3.5% phosphate ester content showed visibly superior corrosion
resistance properties. 相似文献
164.
磷酸铁锂锂离子电池正极材料的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
锂离子电池是绿色高能可充电池,具有工作电压高、比能量大、自放电小、循环寿命长、无记忆效应、无环境污染等突出优点。本文从磷酸铁锂的结构与性能、材料的制备方法、改性、粒径控制等几方面综述了近年来对橄榄石型磷酸铁锂(LiFePO4)锂离子电池正极材料的研究进展。材料的粒度大小及其分布、离子和电子的传导能力对产品的电化学性能影响很大。在制备时,采用惰性气氛、掺杂导电材料和控制晶粒生长制备粉体是获得性能优良的LiFePO4的有效方法。 相似文献
165.
166.
Kazuo Fujiura Yasutake Ohishi Shigeki Sakaguchi Yukio Terunuma 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1989,72(8):1368-1372
A technique for synthesizing ultra-high-purity ZrF4 using chemical vapor deposition in a ZrBr4 –HF system is developed and a purification mechanism is clarified. The Fe concentration in ZrF4 is evaluated at less than 10 ppb based on analysis of the transmission loss spectrum of a fiber prepared using synthesized ZrF4 . Purification is achieved mainly in a sublimation process of ZrBr4 , and purification efficiency is determined by sublimation temperature and activity of impurities in ZrBr4 . The concentration of transition-metal impurities in ZrF4 , synthesized by chemical vapor deposition in the ZrBr4 –HF system, is expected to be less than 1 ppb. 相似文献
167.
The reaction pathway of the ammoxidation of toluene on (VO)2P2O7 used as catalyst and the interaction of potential intermediates with the pyrophosphate were studied by spectroscopic techniques (FTIR, EPR), temperature-programmed chemisorptions/ reactions (TPD, TPRS) and transient studies such as the temporal analysis of products (TAP) technique. NH3 is chemisorbed on the catalyst surface, forming three different species, i.e., NH
4
+
ions located on BrØnsted sites, coordinatively bound NH3 on Lewis sites and NH
2
–
groups, presumably P-NH2. Toluene that is probably adsorbed on Lewis sites reacts in a first step to a benzyl radical. A subsequent partial oxidation by interaction of VIV=O groups generates a V...O=CH-C6H5 surface structure. This benzaldehyde-like surface species reacts with adsorbed NH3 according to a Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. TAP experiments on ammonium-containing vanadium phosphates revealed that NH
4
+
ions could act as potential N-insertion species. No formation of benzylamine as well as the generation of V=NH surface groups as possible intermediates or N-insertion sites were observed. 相似文献
168.
化纤油剂用表面活性剂单体的性能及应用 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
介绍了用作化纤油剂平滑剂、抗静电剂、乳化剂的磷酸酯、硫酸酯、脂肪酸酯、聚醚等表面活性剂单体的结构特点与性能 ,指出了应加速我国化纤油剂用表面活性剂单体的优化开发。 相似文献
169.
Phosphorus (P) inputs are required for sustainable agricultural production in most acid soils of the tropics and subtropics. Phosphate rocks (PR) and organic materials have been suggested as alternative P sources in these soils. Quantitative information on the P availability from sewage sludge (SL) is scanty. Methods to improve the effectiveness of PR such as partial acidulation and compaction with water-soluble P sources have been recommended. The objective of this greenhouse study was to evaluate the relative agronomic effectiveness (RAE) of Florida PR and sewage sludges (irradiated and non-irradiated) applied alone and in mixture with a water-soluble source (triple superphosphate, TSP) at two rates (50 and 150 mg P kg–1 soil). The 32P isotope dilution technique was utilised to determine the proportion of P in the plant taken up from the P fertilizer treatments. Wheat was grown on an acid loamy sand Dystric Eutrocrepts and harvested 6 weeks after planting. Results on total P uptake and the RAE of the P fertilizer sources tested indicated that the addition of 50 mg P kg–1 soil as TSP was adequate in supplying P to the 6-week-old wheat plants as compared to PR and sewage sludge. Intermediate values were obtained for the mixtures. Similar responses were observed for the high P rate. For a given P rate, phosphorus uptake from PR and SL in presence of TSP was higher than P uptake from these sources alone, indicating an enhancement effect of TSP on the effectiveness of these non-readily available sources. With respect to P uptake from PR applied alone, the relative increases in P uptake from PR due to TSP influence were 52 and 67% for the low and high P rates, respectively. The relative increases in P uptake from SL due to TSP when compared to P uptake from SL alone were 102 and 59% for the low and high P rates of application. Application of a water-soluble P fertilizer together with a non-readily available P source shows an enhancement on the P uptake from the non-readily available P source by the wheat plants. In this experiment the estimated enhancement effects are very likely underestimated. 相似文献
170.