大直径重掺硅单晶工艺研究

重掺单晶一些独有的特性,能有效解决目前集成电路面临的一些难题。对大直径重掺硅单晶生长过程中的一些工艺进行了研究,主要包括掺杂方式和拉速设定两个方面,通过实验分析,选取了适宜的掺杂方式与拉速,最终生长出外形良好,符合电阻率目标要求的单晶。     

Long-term impact of anaerobic reaction time on the performance and granular characteristics of granular denitrifying biological phosphorus removal systems

Removal of nitrogen and phosphorus (P) from wastewater is successfully and widely practiced in systems employing both granular sludge technology and enhanced biological P removal (EBPR) processes; however, the key parameter, anaerobic reaction time (AnRT), has not been thoroughly investigated. Successful EBPR is highly dependent on an appropriate AnRT, which induces carbon and polyphosphate metabolism by phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs). Therefore, the long-term impact of AnRT on denitrifying P removal performance and granular characteristics was investigated in three identical granular sludge sequencing batch reactors with AnRTs of 90 (R1), 120 (R2) and 150 min (R3). The microbial community structures and anaerobic stoichiometric parameters related to various AnRTs were monitored over time. Free nitrite acid (FNA) accumulation (e.g., 0.0008–0.0016 mg HNO₂–N/L) occurred frequently owing to incomplete denitrification in the adaptation period, especially in R3, which influenced the anaerobic/anoxic intracellular intermediate metabolites and activities of intracellular enzymes negatively, resulting in lower levels of poly-P and reduced activity of polyphosphate kinase. As a result, the Accumulibacter-PAOs population decreased from 51 ± 2.5% to 43 ± 2.1% when AnRT was extended from 90 to 150 min, leading to decreased denitrifying P removal performance. Additionally, frequent exposure of microorganisms to the FNA accumulation and anaerobic endogenous conditions in excess AnRT cases (e.g., 150 min) stimulated increased extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production by microorganisms, resulting in enhanced granular formation and larger granules (size of 0.6–1.2 mm), but decreasing anaerobic PHA synthesis and glycogen hydrolysis. Phosphorus removal capacity was mediated to some extent by EPS adsorption in granular sludge systems that possessed more EPS, longer AnRT and relatively higher GAOs.     

间歇式循环上向流污泥床的同步脱氮除磷研究

为了提高对城市污水的处理能力,介绍一种新型高效生化反应工艺——间歇式循环上向流污泥床.采用其处理实际生活污水,研究了其同步脱氮除磷效果.在进水COD为240～330 mg/L、TN为50～70 mg/L、TP为4.0～6.5 mg/L、DO为0.4 mg/L的条件下,该反应器能同时实现对COD、氨氮、SS、TN和TP的去除,出水澄清,SS含量很低,对COD、氨氮、总磷的去除率分别在90％、90％、82％以上,COD、BOD5、氨氮、TN浓度等均能达到一级A标准,TP浓度能达到二级标准.     

有机进样-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定汽油中的磷含量

采用有机进样-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定汽油中的磷含量。以异辛烷为稀释剂,按照m(汽油)∶m(异辛烷)=1∶3加以稀释后直接进入ICP-AES(电感耦合等离子体发射光谱)仪测定。结果表明,该方法工作标准曲线在0~10 mg/kg(即稀释前磷含量在0~40 mg/kg)范围内线性关系良好,r=0.999 2,方法检出限为0.156 mg/kg,相对标准偏差5.0%,回收率在96.3%~105.8%之间。     

黄磷炉渣废热低位热能利用研究与实践

节能降耗是黄磷生产企业生存和发展的基础。分析黄磷炉渣废热回收利用的必要性以及回收存在的难点。通过渣池热量平衡分析,提出采用低位热能回收技术对黄磷炉渣废热回收的工艺。以广西某企业10 kt/a黄磷炉为例,给出热能回收方案,并计算出设备选型。通过实践,该项目节约标准煤2987.9 t/a,验证了该方案的节能减排效果。     

湿法磷酸淤渣利用的实验研究

根据湿法磷酸淤渣的利用现状,提出利用湿法磷酸淤渣生产几种含磷肥料产品(过磷酸钙、富过磷酸钙、磷镁肥、复混肥、肥料级磷酸氢钙)的方法,并进行初步实验验证。实验结果表明,用湿法磷酸淤渣生产的上述几种含磷肥料均已达到相应标准,技术可行,具有明显的经济效益。     

Prediction of Solubility Properties from Transfer Energies for Acidic Phosphorus-Containing Rare-Earth Extractants Using Implicit Solvation Model

The differences of thermodynamics energies from the pure phase to a solution were used to predict the solubility properties of acidic phosphorus–containing rare-earth extractants. Four solvents, namely tributylphosphate, n-dodecane, toluene, and n-octanol were used. The thermodynamic cycle of the implicit solvation model and the structure model with short carbon chains were used. The relationship obtained by simulation of the solubility properties and extractant structures agreed qualitatively with reported experimental results. These results provide guidance for the design of new efficient extractants.     

改性赤泥颗粒吸附剂的性质及机理研究

采用焙烧法对赤泥进行活化处理,将其与粉煤灰、碳酸氢钠和膨润土按照质量比为16∶2∶1∶3制成改性赤泥颗粒,该改性赤泥颗粒破碎率与磨损率之和为0.2%。将其作为吸附剂,采用静态吸附试验方法研究了该改性赤泥颗粒吸附剂对模拟含磷废水除磷的一般规律,在磷的质量浓度为3~100 mg/L条件下,考察了反应时间、初始磷浓度、投加量等因素对改性赤泥颗粒吸附效果的影响,经过计算得出其饱和吸附量。结果表明,改性赤泥颗粒对磷的去除效果在反应8 h后趋于稳定,其最佳投加量为5 g/L,改性赤泥颗粒的饱和吸附量为56.2 mg/g。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定石灰性土壤中有效磷

石灰性土壤中有效磷的测定通常采用钼锑抗分光光度法,操作复杂、检出限高。采用碳酸氢钠浸提-基体掩蔽结合电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)实现了对大批量土壤样本中有效磷的高效分析。实验中采用pH值为8.5、0.5 mol/L碳酸氢钠溶液为浸提液,按照20∶1的水土比(浸提液体积(mL)与土壤质量(g)之比)于(25±1)℃下振荡提取30 min;用定量滤纸过滤后,分取20.00 mL滤液,加入2 mL 硝酸(1+1)酸化,用250 mg的丁二酸掩蔽碱金属离子,选择P 214.914 nm为分析谱线,采用ICP-AES测定磷。结果表明,磷质量浓度与其发射强度在一定范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数为0.999 7。方法检出限为0.004 6 mg/kg,定量限为0.015 mg/kg。方法用于测定土壤标准物质(GBW07413a、GBW07414a、GBW07459、GBW07460、GBW07461)中有效磷,测定值与认定值基本相符,测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD, n=6)为0.87%~2.1%;用于土壤样品中有效磷的测定,测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=6)不大于1.7%,与农业部标准方法(NY/T 1121.7—2014)测得的结果基本一致,无显著性差异。     

用磷钼蓝分光光度法测定煤中磷应注意的问题

从用磷钼蓝分光光度法测定煤中磷的各环节入手,阐述了测定时应注意的问题,以提高测定的准确度。