冻结管柔性接头的研究

防止冻结管断裂在国内深井冻结中已成为关键技术。本文在柔性接头研究的基楚上阐述了冻结管上的各种应力与刚度之间的数学关系,并提出一种防止断管的原理。文中介绍了据此理论设计的柔性接头及其刚度曲线和应力释放效果等问题。也指出了影响刚度的诸因素。     

Three-Dimensional Response of Buried Pipes under Circular Surface Loading

Three-dimensional response of buried pipes under circular surface loading is investigated using the finite-element method. Previous work by Poulos in 1974 is reexamined, considering the longitudinal behavior of pipes under surface loading. Analyses are performed for pipes of varying stiffnesses and embedment depths. When stiff pipes are located close to the ground surface, the burial depth has little impact on the peak deflection. However flexible pipe deflections decrease significantly as embedment depth increases. Not surprisingly, peak moments increase with pipe stiffness and decrease as the pipes become more remote from the ground surface. The comparison of the new results with those of Poulos indicates that his Mindlin solution calculations are somewhat conservative relative to the finite-element solutions for deeply buried pipes, but unconservative at shallow burial.     

两端固定输流管道参数共振的实验研究

用实验方法研究了两端固定输流管道在脉动内流作用下的参数共振问题。所设计的实验系统合理有效,基本符合进行参数共振实验的设计目的。对三种合成管道在几个不同的平均流速和脉动流作用下做了多次重复实验获得了第一振型1/2次谐波参数共振相关实验数据,实验结果与理论结果在定性上一致。本文还对可能引起定量误差的原因做了较详细的分析。通过实验观察,得到以下结论：（1）当平均流速达到一定值时,两端固定管道在一定的脉动流振幅和脉动频率下会产生第一振型1/2次谐波参数共振。脉动流振幅越大,发生参数共振的频率范围也越大。当脉动流振幅小于一定值时,不再发生参数共振。（2）平均流速越大,发生参数共振所需要的脉动流频率就越小。平均流速大小对于能否出现1/2次谐波参数共振、共振区域大小、形状以及位置都有很重要的影响。在其它条件一定的情况下,低频脉动时平均流速越大管道越容易失稳。以上观察到的现象与理论分析中得到的结果是一致的。     

CTOD‐R curves of the metal‐clad interface of API X52 pipes cladded with an Inconel 625 alloy by welding overlay

Crack‐tip opening displacement resistance curves (CTOD‐R) of the substrate/cladding interface of an API 5 L X52 steel pipe internally coated with Inconel 625 applied by TIG (GTAW) welding were experimentally evaluated. A small pipe section with 168 mm of outer diameter and 22.5 mm of thickness was internally coated with a 15 mm thick layer of Inconel 625 corrosion resistant alloy. Tension test specimens were obtained from both substrate and cladding, as well as compact tension test specimens (C(T)) for the evaluation of CTOD‐R curves. The fracture testing specimens were notched at the interface in RL orientation. In addition to fracture and tensile testing, microstructural characterization was conducted at the interface using optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Qualitative chemical composition scanning and microhardness determination were also performed. The results indicated high fracture toughness for the substrate/cladding interface and the absence of low toughness regions at the interface of the tested samples.     

Development of a reference strain approach for assessment of fracture response of reeled pipelines

As a result of recent increase in exploitation of hydrocarbon resources in harsher environments and also installation techniques which utilize the materials plastic deformation capacity, accurate assessment of fracture response of pipelines subject to large plastic strains (e.g., typical of reeled pipes) has attracted particular interest nowadays. In this paper, an approach, based on the evaluation of the J-integral, is developed for assessing the integrity of such pipelines, manifested in a model of a pipeline with a circumferential part-through crack subjected to plastic bending. The proposed approach is an extension of the reference strain method developed earlier by other researchers, and takes advantage of the displacement controlled loading nature in such pipes (thus being suitable for Strain Based Design methodologies), and the resulting high strain levels, which often cause fracture response of the material in the plastic regime. The developed formulation relates the fracture response of the pipe (in terms of the non-dimensionalized J-integral) as a linear function of the axial strain in the pipe at its uncracked state. A series of 300 3D nonlinear finite element models using the ABAQUS software were analyzed in preparation of the equation that could assess the fracture response of such pipes with great accuracy. The resulting equation, calibrated by the finite element results, can predict the fracture response of pipes with a maximum error of 2% for a practical uncracked material strain range of 1.5% ? ε_unc ? 4%.     

在WINDOWS NT上实现远程进程间同步的一种方法─—命名管道

Microsoft公司的Win32API为服务器进程和远程客户机上的进程间通讯提供了单向或双向管道．本文描述了一种利用命名管道实现远程进程同步的方法，该方法运用起来既灵活、简单，又十分有效．     

Pitting corrosion on 316L pipes in terephthalic acid (TA) dryer

Grade 316L is a type of austenitic stainless steel with ultra‐low carbon content and it exhibits superior corrosion resistance. However, pitting is always observed in 316L steel when it is exposed to media containing halide ions. In the present study, we found that in the presence of acetate acid (HAc) containing chloride or bromide ions, pitting occurred on the surface of the rotary steam pipes with the matrix material of 316L steel in terephthalic acid (TA) dryer. In order to identify the causes of the failure, metallographic structures and chemical compositions of the matrix material were inspected by an optical microscope (OM) and a photoelectric direct reading spectrometer. Beside these, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) as well as ion chromatography (IC) were used to analyze the micromorphologies of the corrosion pits and the chemical compositions of the corrosion deposits within them. Analysis of the results revealed the sources of halide ions and the factors accelerating the corrosion rate. Beside these, detailed mechanisms of pitting were discussed and six out of all the seven theoretical morphologies of pitting features were obtained in practice.     

钢混组合梁桥的新技术

钢板具有高的抗拉强度,但是相对于由压应力引起的屈曲来说相对脆弱.然而,当钢板与混凝土结合,屈曲增加的抵抗力和重型加劲肋的阻力是没有必要的,这样使钢桥对混凝土桥更具有经济效益和竞争力.钢混组合的新型结构形式已经在日本几个实际的桥梁中积极提出和发展了.利用钢管混凝土梁桥的新思路设计的钢-混凝土复合材料,也被分析和证明是经济可行的.     

中国第四代给水管材PP—R管材生产技术

无规共聚聚丙烯管材具有质量轻，强度好，耐腐蚀，寿命长低成本等优点，用于冷热水、纯净饮用水系统、化工管道。     

The effect of gas injection on the hydraulic transport of slurries in horizontal pipes

The hydraulic transport of solid particles in a horizontal pipe is a well known practice in chemical plants and mining industry. The injection of gas into the flowing slurry results in a variety of flow patterns that affect the pressure gradient of the three-phase mixture in comparison with solid-liquid slurry flow. Furthermore, it may reduce or increase the pressure gradient relative to the conventional hydraulic transport of solids. This study constitutes the first attempt to formulate one-dimensional hydrodynamic models for evaluating the pressure gradients for stationary and moving solid beds overlaid by three-phase slug flow and for fully suspended three-phase slug flow of non-settling suspensions. The models for slug flow over stationary and moving beds are formulated by coupling the solid-liquid two-layer models of Doron et al. [1987. Slurry flow in horizontal pipes—experimental and modeling. International Journal of Multiphase Flow 13, 535-547] with a three-phase slug flow model. The proposed model for fully suspended three-phase slug flow constitutes an extension of the simple model for gas-liquid slug flow in horizontal pipes of Orell [2005. Experimental validation of a simple model for gas-liquid slug flow in horizontal pipes. Chemical Engineering Science 60, 1371-1381]. The proposed models, that are applicable to Newtonian slurries, were tested against the experimental data available in the literature over a wide range of operating conditions. In general, a good agreement was obtained between the predicted and experimental results.