硫醇自组装膜的电化学研究进展

综述了在金电极上硫醇自组装膜的电化学表征方法，性质和应用，介绍了自组装膜上的电子传递机理，并进行了简要的展望。     

Ohmic contacts to semiconducting diamond using a Ti/Pt/Au trilayer metallization scheme

Ohmic contacts have been fabricated on a naturally occurring type IIb diamond crystal using an annealed Ti/Pt/Au trilayer metallization where the Pt served successfully as a barrier to Ti diffusion into the Au capping layer. However, a specific contact resistance could not be reliably determined using transmission line model measurements. Auger microanalysis revealed the presence of Ti on the diamond surface near the ohmic contact pads. The most likely origin of the Ti on the diamond surface was determined to be lateral diffusion from beneath the contact pads. This would have produced a nonuniform concentration of Ti across the diamond surface which, in turn, would have affected the diamond sheet resistance in a complicated way.     

考虑邻近建筑物影响的内撑式排桩基坑支护局部破坏研究

基坑开挖与周围环境相互影响,而邻近建筑物对基坑支护体系局部破坏的影响鲜有研究。通过内撑式排桩支护砂土基坑模型试验,研究了坑外有、无建筑物两种情况下基坑开挖、支撑局部破坏和桩后砂土渗漏对内撑式排桩基坑支护体系受力及变形性能的影响。试验结果表明：受邻近建筑物的影响,随基坑逐渐开挖,平行于邻近建筑物长边的支护桩桩顶水平位移增大,而垂直于邻近建筑物长边的支护桩桩顶水平位移减小,同时基坑中部内支撑轴力明显增大,角撑次之,边撑反而减小;邻近建筑物对平行于建筑物长边的支护桩桩身弯矩及反弯点影响较大,而对垂直于建筑物长边的支护桩桩身弯矩影响较小;局部内支撑破坏引起的坑外地面沉降较小,而内支撑连续破坏导致坑外地面产生显著沉降,影响范围为0.12~0.23倍开挖深度,同时临近的未失效支撑轴力显著增大,易引发连续破坏;邻近建筑物对平行于建筑物长边的支护桩桩身弯矩影响较大,对垂直于建筑物长边的支护桩桩身弯矩影响较小。当桩后砂土出现渗漏时,对平行于邻近建筑物长边的支护桩影响更为明显。     

Effects of preparation conditions on the surface modification and performance of polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes

The impact that some membrane preparation steps had on ultrafiltration (UF) membrane characteristics and performance was studied. Polyethersulfone (PES) was employed as base polymer, while N‐methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) was used as a solvent, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was used as a nonsolvent pore‐forming additive. The manufacturing variables studied were solvent evaporation time and membrane surface modification, using a fluorine‐based copolymer referred to as surface‐modifying macromolecule (SMM). The flat sheet membranes, prepared via phase inversion, were characterized using solute transport data, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and contact angle measurements. Membrane performance was evaluated via filtration test protocol that included a 6‐day filtration of concentrated river water. The flux reduction with time was modeled using single and dual mechanisms of fouling. The pore blockage/cake filtration model described better the behavior of the permeation rate along the experiments. Increasing the solvent evaporation time decreased the size of the pores and the permeation rate. However, it did not significantly affect the removal of the organic compounds naturally present in the river water used as feed. XPS and contact angle measurements proved that the short evaporation periods did not allow enough SMM migration to the surface to provoke a significant effect on the membrane performance. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006     

中低品位膨润土的有机化及在泥浆中的应用

以新疆乌兰陵格产中低品位钠基膨润土为原料,用十六烷基三甲基铵盐(氯化物D1631和溴化物CTAB)作插层剂,制备有机膨润土。通过实验确定了制备有机膨润土的季铵盐加入量是85～90mmol/100g土。用红外(FTIR)、X-衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)表征了有机土结构。FTIR谱显示有机插层剂已进入膨润土的层间,XRD特征峰位移表明膨润土的层间距由1.23nm增加到3.26nm。SEM观察到有机土形貌显著改变,颗粒松散。结果表明膨润土的层间距增大,粒层厚度约为72nm左右。测试了有机膨润土的钻井油基泥浆性能,结果表明,其塑性粘度为7.0mPa·s,表观粘度为8.5mPa·s,动切力为1.5Pa,滤失量40.0mL,均已达到钻井液用有机土的质量指标要求。     

药物中间体3,5-二甲氧基-邻苯二甲酸酐的合成及表征

以3,5-二甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯为原料经过羟烷基化反应、酯交换反应、水解反应、脱羧反应、氧化反应、脱水反应来合成3,5-二甲氧基-邻苯二甲酸酐这一中间体,每步反应的收率均在90%以上。通过差热分析、红外、质谱、核磁等分析手段对合成的化合物的结构表征,结果表明,所合成的化合物的结构、性能指标与目标要求一致。     

纳米碳酸钙的制备及表征

研究了以氧化钙和二氧化碳为原料,化学法制备纳米碳酸钙的工艺条件、添加剂的影响及形态。结果表明:中间体氢氧化钙的初始浓度、二氧化碳的流量、反应温度、搅拌速度及添加剂等在控制制备纳米碳酸钙颗粒的形状和尺寸中均十分重要。透射电镜观察结果表明:通过控制反应及添加剂,可以得到尺寸规整的链锁形、纺锤形和球形纳米碳酸钙。表面能谱证实产品为高纯的碳酸钙。X射线衍射和电子衍射的结果进一步表明:所制纳米碳酸钙均属方解石型六方晶系,a0=0.498 9 nm,c0=1.706 2 nm;为多晶结构。     

竹纤维素的结构表征

对纺织用竹纤维、黏胶用竹浆粕、造纸用竹浆粕、高级竹浆粕进行物化性能分析,并对其结构进行表征。显微镜观察显示,竹纤维纵向表面有竹节,相比纺织用竹纤维光滑的表面,竹浆粕呈现明显的微纤结构;由X-衍射(WAXD)分析结果可知,纺织用竹纤维结晶属于典型的纤维素Ⅰ,内部具有完善的微纤结构,结晶度和晶粒尺寸均明显高于三种竹浆粕,主要原因是分子间具有更强的氢键作用。     

2-（1，6-二溴-2-萘氧甲基）-5-芳基-1，3，4-噁二唑类化合物的合成与表征

以碳酸钠作缚酸剂，1，6-二溴-2-萘氧乙酰肼（2）与芳酰氯反应制得N，N＇-二酰基肼，后者在voch作用下，脱水环化成2-（1，6-二溴-2-萘氧甲基）-5-芳基-1，3，4-噁二唑类化合物。其结构经元素分析、IR、1^HNMB和MS表征。     

地铁深基坑分区开挖监测及数值模拟

对于狭长的地铁车站深基坑,围护结构区域内岩土体在实际施工时经常采用分区的方式进行开挖。为了分析分区开挖工况下深基坑的稳定性规律,选取合肥市某地铁车站深基坑作为研究对象,运用有限差分软件对实际工程进行数值模拟。比较模型计算结果与现场实测结果,得到了基坑分区开挖过程中围护结构侧向位移、横向支撑轴力,以及地表沉降的变化规律。研究结果表明:现场实测结果与数值模拟结果较为接近且均小于规范限值,数值模型能较好地反映基坑变形特性;随着开挖的进行,围护结构变形出现明显的"鼓肚"状,最大侧向位移点向基坑中段移动;支撑轴力前期发展较快,之后趋于平稳;邻近地表沉降呈现为凹槽状,基坑开挖影响范围约在40 m内。研究结果可为其他类似工程设计或施工决策提供参考。