城郊选煤厂煤泥特性与浮选药剂选择性研究

从煤泥的粒度组成、密度组成及可浮性等方面,对城郊选煤厂入浮煤泥进行了全面的试验与分析,并进行了浮选药剂选择性试验和浮选速度试验,从中选取合适的捕收剂和起泡剂及其最佳用量,并根据煤泥的特性,为城郊选煤厂煤泥浮选提供一些指导性意见。     

A2/O-MBR用于类地表Ⅳ类水排放标准升级改造工程

沈阳市某城镇污水处理厂设计规模为2×10⁴ m³/d,原采用浮动生化床+人工湿地工艺,出水指标执行污水综合排放标准（GB 8978-1996）一级A标准。为了使出水水质达到类地表Ⅳ类水标准,污水处理厂采用A²/O+MBR工艺进行升级改造。改造后,平均出水COD、BOD₅为10.6、4.47 mg/L,氨氮、总氮、总磷和悬浮物平均出水质量浓度分别为0.16、8.52、0.07、0.72 mg/L。在进水水温低于12℃时,仍然具有良好的处理效果。通过优化控制溶解氧,平均电耗和乙酸钠消耗分别降低了9.38%和12.1%,实现了节能降耗。     

热风再循环机炉耦合高效发电系统变负荷性能仿真及优化

基于热风再循环回收烟气余热的机炉耦合发电（HAR）系统具有高效节能、受热面投资少、运行安全性高等优点。为解决其在全负荷范围安全又高效运行的问题,本文以某600MW烟煤机组为例,利用Ebsilon软件对HAR系统进行变负荷仿真研究。结果表明：烟气余热回收系统的排烟温度随负荷减小而降低,使锅炉空气预热器在低负荷下面临严重低温腐蚀风险;在低负荷下,现有的HAR系统难以通过调节高压、低压省煤器吸热量控制空气预热器冷端金属温度从而控制低温腐蚀;为在全负荷范围保证HAR系统内受热面安全可靠运行,提出了在余热回收系统中增设热量旁通管的HAR优化系统;在50%~100%热耗率验收工况（THA）负荷范围,应用该系统可使实例机组的标煤煤耗降低1.94~3.32g/(kW·h),在全负荷范围保持显著节能效益。为进一步推进该技术付诸应用,文章提出了HAR优化系统的运行控制方法。     

XANDAR PHARMACEUTICAL: A model plant for process engineering education

This study explores the implementation of a detailed model pharmaceutical production facility in an undergraduate engineering class. Xandar Pharmaceuticals (XP), a fictitious manufacturer, was created and presented to undergraduate engineering students during a current good manufacturing practices (cGMP¹) course in two forms: (1) 3D virtual model and (2) 3D printed model. Data was collected from three separate cohorts over three years with a total of 197 participants. Surveys would gauge student’s sentiments and collect feedback, while quizzes assessed technical understanding. Statistical analysis and effect size calculations would evaluate the differences among the three cohorts. Survey results indicate the 3D printed model has small positive effects on study vs control (groups) regarding understanding of general industry related functions and practices. The 3D printed model also improved students’ interest in critical thinking and investigation. Qualitative feedback and sentiment analysis indicate the model was well received by students and received positive feedback related to visualization, industrial relevance, and student engagement. Use of the 3D printed model (but not the 3D virtual model) has had positive quantitative effects on student quiz scores and feedback. Qualitative improvements to student attitudes and interest are encouraging and suggest further use of 3D printed models in other courses may be beneficial.     

Model-based adaptive sliding mode control of the subcritical boiler-turbine system with uncertainties

As higher requirements are proposed for the load regulation and efficiency enhancement, the control performance of boiler-turbine systems has become much more important. In this paper, a novel robust control approach is proposed to improve the coordinated control performance for subcritical boiler-turbine units. To capture the key features of the boiler-turbine system, a nonlinear control-oriented model is established and validated with the history operation data of a 300 MW unit. To achieve system linearization and decoupling, an adaptive feedback linearization strategy is proposed, which could asymptotically eliminate the linearization error caused by the model uncertainties. Based on the linearized boiler-turbine system, a second-order sliding mode controller is designed with the super-twisting algorithm. Moreover, the closed-loop system is proved robustly stable with respect to uncertainties and disturbances. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme, which achieves excellent tracking performance, strong robustness and chattering reduction.     

油橄榄透明皂的制作研究

首先用油棕榈核油、棕榈油、椰子油、蓖麻油和玉米油作油脂原料合成了透明皂的皂基,之后又将当地特色植物油——橄榄油作为添加剂制作出来一种新配方的油橄榄透明皂。文中考察了原料配比、皂化时间、皂化温度、油橄榄的加入量对油橄榄透明皂的影响,确定了制作油橄榄透明皂的最佳实验条件。     

先进节能换热器技术在硫酸工业的应用回顾与展望

介绍了折流板管壳式换热器、空心环管壳式换热器、旋流网板支撑急扩加速流缩放管管壳式换热器及壳程多通道换热器结构、技术特点。回顾20多年来国内硫酸行业气体换热器技术进展,叙述了其技术起源、理念与解决的关键问题。对今后先进节能换热器技术在硫酸工业的发展趋势进行了展望,提出了技术发展方向。     

二氧化碳脱氢系统管道腐蚀原因分析与对策

介绍尿素装置二氧化碳脱氢系统碳钢管道的腐蚀情况,分析腐蚀产生的原因,针对腐蚀原因合理设计管道、优化工艺指标、选用耐腐蚀材料等防护对策,取得了良好的效果.     

尿素装置氨水槽氨水浓度高的原因分析及处理

针对尿素装置氨水槽氨水浓度高,造成水解一解吸系统超压以及中压、常压系统尾气放空氨含量增多等问题,进行原因分析,制定相应的处理措施,以达到降低氨耗的目的.     

尿素装置蒸汽消耗控制探讨

大型尿素生产装置中,所用蒸汽除满足工艺换热要求外,还用于驱动二氧化碳压缩机汽轮机,蒸汽用量较大,对尿素成本的影响不容小觑。本文以二氧化碳汽提法尿素装置为例,探讨控制蒸汽消耗的措施。