基于辐射特征的干扰弹检测方法研究

根据干扰弹在起燃时间内辐射能量急剧增加的特点,利用图像序列中图像灰度斜率的突变进行干扰检测是一种比较有效的方法。利用仿真选择有效的数据平滑方法对灰度变化斜率进行估计,以消除焦平面探测器采样特性和噪声的影响,定量分析了影响干扰弹检测概率的各种因素,评价了利用辐射特征检测干扰弹的优点与不足。     

一种低信噪比运动点目标检测算法

为检测复杂背景中的低信噪比(SNR) 点目标,提出了一种自适应带通门限检测算法。 首先根据图像的信噪比选取合适的带通门限进行图像空间滤波,然后采用帧相关法进行时间滤波。实验结果表明,该算法可有效地抑制背景杂波的干扰、提高信噪比SNR ,检测出复杂背景下的低信噪比点目标,且易于实现。     

热轧板HIC试样缺陷的超声判定技术

为了快速检测出热轧板HIC试样中的夹杂和裂纹,并对缺陷进行准确定位、定性和测长,首先采用60°斜探头对夹杂和裂纹进行定位和定性,再用直探头检测出缺陷的长度,最后给出了夹杂和裂纹的静态和动态反射波形。该超声波判定技术可以用来确认试样是否符合标准要求,并进一步判定相应产品是否合格。与传统检测方法相比,该技术能够快速准确地定位和定性缺陷,并且定量精度由原来的2 mm提高至0.5 mm,能够满足API SPEC 5L的相关要求。     

克拉气田某处理厂干气烃露点问题的探讨

克拉气田某处理厂采用三甘醇脱水工艺对原料气进行脱水处理,脱水后的干气水露点合格,但烃露点较高。由于天然气具有反凝析现象,随着干气在输送过程中压力的降低,会有液态烃析出,从而对管道、设备、下游用户造成不同程度的危害。为了达到合格的烃露点,避免液态烃的析出,根据我国国家标准对烃露点的不同规定,提出了烃露点控制的改进流程及两种烃露点的控制方案。使用HYSYS软件进行模拟比较,确定采用GB 17820-2012《天然气》对天然气烃露点的控制要求,以保证处理厂至轮南首站的外输管线内无液态烃析出。同时,对气-气换热器和低温分离器进行初步选型,并提出了反凝析现象的控制措施。     

Calculation of multicomponent vapor–liquid critical point using the Dividing Rectangles global optimization algorithm

In this paper, the Dividing Rectangles (D.R.) global optimization technique is used to predict the critical temperature and pressure for multicomponent systems. The D.R. optimization algorithm is a fast and reliable optimization method without any need for adjustable parameters, initial guesses or objective function derivation. For calculating the critical point the tangent plane distance (TPD) in terms of the Helmholtz energy is selected. The Peng Robinson (PR) equation of state is applied for determining thermodynamic relations. The procedure of the critical point calculation by means of global optimization is described stepwise in order to clarify the concept and method of programing. The D.R.-based computer program is tested for some multicomponent systems and the results are compared with the Simulated Annealing (SA) global optimization method and with experimental data. The results indicated that the number of the objective function calls (the main parameter that increases the speed and efficiency of an optimization algorithm) is reduced to one twentieth with almost the same accuracy.     

Predicting the properties of petroleum blends

The aim of this study was to find new correlations to predict the properties of petroleum fractions blends. Several correlations for viscosity, smoke point, freezing point, Reid vapor pressure, aniline point, and cloud point were developed. These new correlations were assessed for their ability to predict the properties by comparing the estimated values with the experimental data as well as other correlations in literature. The developed correlations gave an absolute average deviation of 2.6 mm²/s for viscosity, 0.015 mm for smoke point, 0.05 K for freezing point, 6.47 kPa for RVP, 0.32 K for aniline point, and 0.9 K for cloud point.     

Effect of drag reducer and pour point depressant on the wax deposition of crude oil pipeline

In this paper, the data of wax precipitation before and after the addition of the additives showed that the addition of the drag reducing agent (DRA) and the pour point depressant (PPD) cannot change the wax appearance temperature (WAT) of crude oil. When the dosage of DRA is small, the DRA cannot increase, stop, or slow down the precipitation of wax crystals. The addition of PPDs has no influence on the amount of precipitated wax crystals. From the GPC analysis, the molecular weight of the wax deposit samples in Linpu pipeline is from 500 to 76,800, which indicates that there is no enrichment of DRA in wax deposit samples. The results of IR show that the C?O group was not detected in the wax deposit sample of the Wei Jing pipeline, which indicates that there is no enrichment of the PPDs in wax deposit samples. The results showed that the DRA and PPD have no obvious effect on crude oil pipeline wax deposition.     

常压蒸馏装置原油换热网络优化与板式换热器的应用

介绍了中国石化集团资产经营管理有限公司巴陵石化分公司常压蒸馏装置异地改造在原油换热网络优化与板式换热器等方面的应用。通过运用"窄点"技术重新优化原油与常压侧线馏分的换热顺序,充分利用常压渣油、常三线等高温位热源的梯级取热,并在窄点换热部位采用高效板式换热器等措施,使换热网络优化后总换热面积减少41%,原油换热终温提高9℃,板式换热器热物流进口和冷物流出口的最小温差达到6℃。生产运行结果表明本次常压蒸馏装置原油换热网络的设计及板式换热器的选用是成功的,换热终温提高可节约燃料干气0.439kg/t(原油),每年节省燃料气费用约150万元,经济效益明显。