Path curvature of a geared seven-bar mechanism

This paper presents a graphical technique to locate the center of curvature of the path traced by a coupler point of a planar, single-degree-of-freedom, geared seven-bar mechanism. Since this is an indeterminate mechanism then the pole for the instantaneous motion of the coupler link; i.e., the point coincident with the instantaneous center of zero velocity for this link, cannot be obtained from the Aronhold–Kennedy theorem. The graphical technique that is presented in the first part of the paper to locate the pole is believed to be an important contribution to the kinematics literature. The paper then focuses on the graphical technique to locate the center of curvature of the path traced by an arbitrary coupler point. The technique begins with replacing the seven-bar mechanism by a constrained five-bar linkage whose links are kinematically equivalent to the second-order properties of motion. Then three kinematic inversions are investigated and a four-bar linkage is obtained from each inversion. The motion of the coupler link of the final four-bar linkage is equivalent up to and including the second-order properties of motion of the coupler of the geared seven-bar. Then the center of curvature of the path traced by an arbitrary coupler point can be obtained from existing techniques, such as the Euler–Savary equation. An analytical method, referred to as the method of kinematic coefficients, is presented as an independent check of the graphical technique.     

五坐标数控端铣渐开线螺旋面的刀位计算

介绍五坐标数控端铣加工渐开线螺旋面的刀位 (包括刀心坐标和刀轴矢量 )计算方法 ,并以具有A、B摆头的五坐标数控机床为例 ,将刀轴矢量转换成机床的运动坐标 ,完成编程计算的相关内容     

分布源边界点法在声场全息重建和预测中的应用

提出了以分布源边界点法作为声场的全息变换算法,建立了基于分布源边界点法的声全息重建和预测的数学模型。与基于边界元法的声全息重建和预测模型相比,此法避开了变量插值、数值计算和奇异积分的处理,具有计算速度快、计算精度高、计算稳定性好和简单易懂等优点,因此在工程实践中有着广泛的应用前景。     

λ网络中一种分布式速率分配算法

针对λ网络中的高性能传输问题,提出了一种分布式速率分配算法.该算法基于离散时间系统模型对λ网络进行建模,得到其速率分配问题的数学依赖关系,根据最大-最小公平准则,利用本地信息来分配每个源端和目的端之间的容量,以确保较低期望速率会话的速率最大化,并把剩余容量均匀地分配给全部会话,直至网络被充分利用.结果表明,所提出的分布式速率分配算法能快速收敛到一个最大-最小公平速率分配方式,而且还能实现自适应期望速率的快速变化.     

Glowworm swarm optimization algorithm with topsis for solving multiple objective environmental economic dispatch problem

A new glowworm swarm optimization (GSO) algorithm is proposed to find the optimal solution for multiple objective environmental economic dispatch (MOEED) problem. In this proposed approach, technique for order preference similar to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) is employed as an overall fitness ranking tool to evaluate the multiple objectives simultaneously. In addition, a time varying step size is incorporated in the GSO algorithm to get better performance. Finally, to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed combination of GSO algorithm with TOPSIS (GSO–T) approach is examined in four different test cases. Simulation results have revealed the capabilities of the proposed GSO–T approach to find the optimal solution for MOEED problem. The comparison with own coded weighted sum method incorporated GSO (WGSO) and other methods reported in literatures exhibit the superiority of the proposed GSO–T approach and also the results confirm the potential of the proposed GSO–T approach to solve the MOEED problem.     

Formula of definite point overburden pressure of reservoir layers

Overburden pressure, P_ob, is pressure imposed on layers during the different hydrocarbonic layers operations by the weight of overburden layers. Practically, the geological layers structure varies in matrix and porous media during well head treatment operations such as acidizing, hydraulic fracturing and fluid injection when drilling and completion. So, three structural quantity inter-granular space (IGS), inter-fracture space (IFS) and fracture width (FW) affect fluid conductivity and layers P_ob alternations.Using the petrophysic and geological information and the content of tables under the reservoir conditions, P_ob was formulated for a drilled layer point in various porosity ranges.Since reservoir layers mostly have heterogeneity characterizations, and timely and repeatedly need to control the type of cutting lithology, drilling mud and reservoir pressure by geologists and drillers, the equations derived are effective in wellhead and bottom hole operations for the calculations in which the overburden pressure plays a key role.     

Dew point pressure model for gas condensate reservoirs based on multi-gene genetic programming approach

One of the most critical parameters in characterization of gas condensate reservoirs is dew point pressure (DPP), and its accurate determination is a challenging task in development and management of these reservoirs. Experimental measurement of DPP is a costly and time consuming method. Therefore, searching for a quick, reliable, inexpensive, and robust algorithm for determination of DPP is of great importance. In this paper, first, a new approach based on multi-gene genetic programming (MGGP) to determine DPP of gas condensate reservoirs is presented. Then, a correlation for DPP calculation using MGGP has been developed for gas condensate reservoirs. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed DPP model has been validated by comparing its predictions with the results of other conventional models. It is found that the correlation developed in this work is capable of predicting more accurate values of DPP, with the lowest average relative and absolute errors with respect to the experimental results, and also higher correlation coefficient among the results of all the evaluated DPP correlations. Therefore, it is suggested that the proposed model can be applied effectively for DPP prediction for a wide range of gas properties and reservoir temperatures.     

Investigation of the interaction between hydrogen and irradiation defects in titanium by using positron annihilation spectroscopy

The formation of mono-vacancy, vacancy clusters and hydrogen-vacancy complexes with 30 keV H ion-irradiated pure titanium at different doses and temperatures was measured using by Positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS). Results show a large number of H_mV_n clusters and vacancy-like defects in the samples irradiated at for room temperature, and that the formation of H_mV_n (m > n) at the sample irradiated at a high dose inhibits the increase of the S parameter. At increased irradiation temperature, the shrinkage of vacancy clusters and the effective open volume of defects decrease the S parameters. The high-temperature irradiation results in decreased vacancy-type defect concentration, and some hydrogen atoms diffuse from the cascade region to the track region, forming a large number of hydrogen-vacancy complexes in the track region. The coincidence Doppler broadening spectroscopy, an element analysis method, used to detect hydrogen in the ion-irradiated pure titanium sample, and results show hydrogen-related peaks in the high-momentum region, which may be due to the information of positron annihilation in the covalent bond formed by the H and the Ti elements. The increased radiation dose and temperature contribute to the formation of the hydrogen vacancy-complex, and the positron annihilation in high-momentum regions easily obtain hydrogen-related information.     

High enhanced magnetization in carbon-doped Mn3Ga thin films

Carbon-doped Mn₃Ga thin films were grown on Si/SiO₂ substrates using rf magnetron sputtering technique. The tetragonal D0₂₂–type crystalline structure of ferrimagnetic Mn₃Ga is preserved on the Mn₃GaC_x films upon carbon concentrations up to x = 0.5, whereas higher concentrations lead to the formation of the antiperovskite Mn₃GaC phase. Geometry optimization calculations using the density functional theory were performed on a 2 × 2 × 2 Mn₃GaC_0.25 supercell with C in different positions in order to find that the most stable position for the C is interstitial octahedral site. Magnetic M(H) loops show that saturation magnetization M_s of Mn₃GaC_0.25 is enhanced to 200 kAm⁻¹ (from M_s = 90 kAm⁻¹ for undoped films). The increase of the C concentration leads to a reduction of the Curie temperature from 770 K to ∼420 K at the same time that the lattice cell suffers an expansion. The enhancement of M_s is explained in terms of a 90° ferromagnetic superexchange Mn-C-Mn interaction.     

Extraction of anionic dyes with ionic liquid–nonionic surfactant aqueous two-phase system

The cloud point of nonionic surfactant (Triton X-114) in ionic liquid ([Bmim]Cl) aqueous solution exhibits as increase and then decrease and increase again with the increase of ionic liquid (IL) content, which is the origin of an IL–nonionic surfactant aqueous two-phase system. The nonionic surfactant-rich phase coexists with a high content of IL aqueous solution phase in the IL–nonionic surfactant aqueous two-phase system. The partitioning of various ionic dyes indicates that anionic species exhibit a high partitioning coefficient between the IL-rich phase and the nonionic surfactant-rich phase.