洋葱皮中黄酮类物质的提取及分离纯化研究

采用超声波辅助法提取洋葱皮中黄酮类物质,通过柱层析等方法进行分离纯化,利用高效液相色谱对黄酮类物质进行检测,在超声波辅助萃取洋葱皮中总黄酮的研究中,确定乙醇浓度80%、料液比1∶10、超声时间20min条件下对总黄酮提取率最高。获得总黄酮物质后采用萃取、聚酰胺柱层析进行分离纯化,获得不同浓度乙醇洗脱组分,建立HPLC方法为进样量5μL、检测波长360nm、甲醇∶水（含0.1%冰乙酸）=45∶55、柱温为室温。分离纯化中得到结晶,通过质谱、核磁共振鉴定此晶体物质为槲皮素。     

聚胺型油品抗静电剂的合成与性能研究

以环氧氯丙烷和脂肪族伯胺为原料合成聚胺型油品抗静电剂,采用高氯酸非水滴定法检测产物聚胺的叔胺值,并用红外光谱对聚胺的结构进行了表征。结果表明,聚胺与自制聚砜型抗静电剂复配,添加量各为2mg／L时,加氢柴油电导率由35ps／m增加到170ps／m,能明显的改善油品电导率：放置7d电导率可继续增至400ps／m左右：电导率随着存储时间的增长显著。     

环氧改性多元胺对混凝土钢筋缓蚀作用的研究

通过盐水浸渍、半电池电位、混凝土盐水浸烘等方法,对环氧改性多元胺N-206、国外某公司产品S-01及空白试样的缓蚀效果进行测试对比,在相同水灰比条件下研究了N-206对新拌砂浆性能的影响。试验结果表明,环氧改性多元胺N-206对混凝土钢筋具有良好的缓蚀效果,并对砂浆性能无不良影响。     

DNA Interaction Studies of Selected Polyamine Conjugates

The interaction of polyamine conjugates with DNA double helix has been studied. Binding properties were examined by ethidium bromide (EtBr) displacement and DNA unwinding/topoisomerase I/II (Topo I/II) activity assays, as well as dsDNA thermal stability studies and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Genotoxicity of the compounds was estimated by a comet assay. It has been shown that only compound 2a can interact with dsDNA via an intercalative binding mode as it displaced EtBr from the dsDNA-dye complex, with K_app = 4.26 × 10⁶ M⁻¹; caused an increase in melting temperature; changed the circular dichroism spectrum of dsDNA; converted relaxed plasmid DNA into a supercoiled molecule in the presence of Topo I and reduced the amount of short oligonucleotide fragments in the comet tail. Furthermore, preliminary theoretical study has shown that interaction of the discussed compounds with dsDNA depends on molecule linker length and charge distribution over terminal aromatic chromophores.     

两性皮革加脂剂LDF—Ⅱ的合成及应用研究

用天然油脂、多乙烯多胺和丙烯酸合成制得N一酞胺基多乙烯多胺-β-氨基丙酸型两性加脂剂，最佳合成条件分两步的反应温度分别控制在100℃及120℃、两步反应时间分别为2h和4h，天然油脂与多乙烯多胺及丙烯酸的物质量的比为1：0．7：1，并进行了加脂剂的应用实验，用FT-IR对产物的结构进行了表征。     

高电荷密度聚胺的吸附特性及对纸浆性能的影响

通过测量纸浆Zeta电位及聚合电解质的吸附量,研究了高电荷密度阳离子聚胺在纸浆纤维上的吸附特性,并将吸附聚胺后的纤维抄纸进行纸浆性能分析。结果表明:纸浆种类不同,聚胺的吸附量不同;吸附量随打浆度的提高而增大;吸附量随电导率升高,先增大后减小;当pH值小于8时,吸附量随pH值升高而增大;在吸附一定量聚胺后,手抄片的抗张强度、耐破度和耐折度都有不同幅度的提高。     

聚合胺用于润滑油糠醛精制的实验研究

针对糠醛精制存在精制油收率低、脱酸与脱碱氮选择性差以及溶剂用量大等技术经济问题,在纯糠醛溶剂中加入聚合胺类助剂Z形成糠醛Z助剂,以中海沥青公司减二线基础油为原料油,以精制油质量收率、酸值为主要考察指标,进行了提高精制油收率和质量的实验研究。考察了助剂加量、萃取温度、萃取时间、相分离时间、剂油比与萃取级数对精制油效果的影响。结果表明,在最优操作条件下,用糠醛Z助剂较用纯糠醛精制相比,精制油的质量收率提高7.2%,脱酸率达到94.2%,碱氮脱除率为78.9%,糠醛Z助剂精制油中胶质、运动黏度等也低于纯糠醛精制油。     

一元助留助滤剂生产低定量新闻纸方法的实践

采用阳离子聚胺盐与丙烯酰胺的共聚物的一元助留助滤系统生产低定量新闻纸,生产数据表明：一元助留助滤系统化学品用量少,并且仅需1个化学品添加点,生产流程简单;吨纸化学品添加成本为20．68元,比三元助留助滤系统化学品添加成本降低21％;成纸质量达到了国家标准GB1910-2006中45g／m^2低定量新闻纸优等品的要求。     

新型聚胺页岩抑制剂特性及作用机理

通过抑制膨润土造浆、屈曲硬度、耐崩散等新型实验方法,评价了新型聚胺页岩抑制剂SDA的抑制特性。结果表明,SDA的抑制性优于传统抑制剂KCl,并与国外同类产品Ultrahib相当。借助FT-IR、XRD、Zeta电位测试等实验分析手段,深入探讨了聚胺的强抑制作用机理。研究表明,低分子聚胺进入黏土层间后,解离出的铵离子交换出层间水化阳离子,通过静电作用中和黏土晶层表面负电荷,降低黏土层间水化斥力;同时聚胺与黏土层间硅氧烷基形成氢键,进一步强化其在黏土表面的吸附,二者共同作用将相邻黏土片层束缚在一起,抑制黏土水化膨胀;聚胺吸附在黏土晶层表面之后,其分子结构中聚氧丙烯疏水部分覆盖在黏土表面,使黏土亲水性减弱,进一步抑制黏土水化。     

Relationships between endogenous polyamines, cellular structure and arrested growth of grape berries

The condition known as 'millerandage' occurs when the growth of grape berries is interrupted early in their development. By harvest, berries in the same bunch will be different sizes, and some will be particularly small. Anatomical studies have revealed that interrupted growth can occur at different stages of berry development, and hormonal factors might be involved. Polyamines are one class of hormones that play an important role in plant morphogenesis, but analysis of polyamine content and composition indicated that berries of bunches with millerandage had the same polyamine composition as those at different stages of development. However, there were differences in relationships between wall-bound polyamine, especially wall-bound DAP, and arrested growth of berries. One key cytological difference was the negative PAS staining of cell walls in very small and in mid-size berries. In biochemical terms, wall-bound polyamine (and in particular wall-bound DAP content), was higher in berries from bunches with millerandage than in normal berries during their development. The present study therefore clearly demonstrates a positive correlation between wall-bound polyamine, especially wall-bound DAP, and arrested growth of berries in bunches with millerandage.