Cu－MnO_2同槽电解半工业试验研究

提出了Ｃｕ－ＭｎＯ＿２同槽电解的新工艺，在同一电解槽同时得到电铜和电解二氧化锰两种产品，该新工艺具有低电耗、低酸雾污染和低酸耗等优点．     

用φ20mm离心萃取器两步法制取高纯钇

本文研究了中钇富镧稀土的氧化物溶液在环烷酸中的萃取行为，测定了镧钇组成、温度变化与分离系数的关系；在Ｐ＿（５０７）体系中研究了ｐＨ值与分配比的关系；提出用环烷酸、Ｐ＿（５０７）两种萃取剂制备高纯钇的工艺流程。用８４台φ２０ｍｍ离心萃取器进行了一个月的台架试验，结果证明两种萃取剂有很好的互补性，在满足钇的纯度要求下有较高收率。离心萃取器具有易分相、体系存留量少、液流密闭性好等优点，它更适宜于粘度大、级数多、产品纯度要求高的体系。     

Encapsulation of PV modules using ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer as a pottant: A critical review

The primary purpose of this work is to review the literature about what is and is not known about using ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA0 copolymer as the encapsulant (or pottant) material in photovoltaic (PV) modules. Secondary purposes include elucidating the complexity of the encapsulation problem, providing an overview about encapsulation of PV cells and modules, providing a historical overview of the relevant research and development on EVA, summarizing performance losses reported for PV systems deployed since ca. 1981, and summarizing the general problems of polymer stability in a solar environment. We also provide a critical review of aspects of reported work for cases that we believe are important.Failure modes resolved in the early work to establish reliability of deployed modules and the purposes and properties of pottants, are summarized. Typical performance losses in large field-deployed, large-scale systems ranging from 1% to 10% per year are given quantitatively, and qualitative reports of EVA discoloration are summarized with respect to ultraviolet (UV), world-wide location and site dependence.The general stability of polymers and their desirable bulk properties for solar utilization are given. The stabilization formulation for EVA, its effectiveness, and changes in it during degradation are discussed. The degradation mechanisms for the base resin, e.g., unstabilized Elvax 150^TM, and stabilized EVA are indicated for literature dating to the early 1950s, and the role played by unsaturated chromophores is indicated. The limited number of studies relating discoloration and PV cell efficiency are summarized.Observed degradation of EVA or the unstabilized base resin in the laboratory and examples used to measure the degradation are summarized in sections entitled: (1) thermally-induced degradation; (2) photodegradation and photothermal degradation of EVA in different temperature regimes; (3) photobleaching and photodegradation of the UV absorber and cross-linking agent; (4) acetic acid and metal and metal-oxide catalyzed oxidative degradation; and (5) discolaration and PV cell efficiency losses.Processing effects/influences on EVA stability are discussed in sections entitled: (1) EVA raw materials and extruded, uncured films; (2) thermal encapsulation processes; (3) effects of lamination, curing, and curing peroxide on gel content and chromophores formed; and (4) incomplete shielding of curing-generated chromophores. A summary is given for the limited number of accelerated lifetime testing efforts and examples of erroneous service lifetime predictions for EVA are discussed. The known factors that effect the discoloration rate of several EVA formulations are discussed in which the reduction in rate by using UV-absorbing superstrates is a prime example. A summary is given of what is and is not known about EVA degradation mechanisms, degradation from exposures in field-deployed modeules and/or laboratory testing, and factors that contribute to EVA stability or degradation. Finally, conclusions about using Elvax 150 in EVA formulations are summarized, and future prospects for developing the next-generation pottant for encapsulating PV modules are discussed.     

Copper phthalocyanine as corrosion inhibitor for ASTM A606-4 steel in 16% hydrochloric acid

A study based on the corrosion inhibition properties of copper phthalocyanine is described. Coverage degrees of copper phthalocyanine (Cu-phcy) on ASTM-A606-4 steel, obtained by weight loss measurements, were fitted to Langmuir, Frumkin, Temkin and Flory–Huggins adsorption isotherms. A better fit to the Langmuir isotherm was obtained. The polarization curves showed that polarization of both the anodic and cathodic reactions were verified for concentrations higher than 10^–4 M, indicating a mixed type action. Only the anodic reactions were polarized for lower concentrations. At high frequencies the Nyquist diagrams showed one capacitive loop attributable to double layer charging and a small one at intermediary frequencies attributable to the faradaic process of hydrogen evolution. The formation of an adsorbed film was characterized by increasing charge transfer resistance values in the low frequency range for increasing inhibitor concentrations. According to the techniques used in this study, copper phthalocyanines showed a high corrosion inhibiting efficiency for all concentrations.     

Temperature and pressure effects on supercritical CO2 extraction of tomato seed oil

Tomato seed oil was extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide in a semibatch-flow extractor within the temperature range 313–343 K and the pressure range 10.8–24.5MPa. The extraction rates increased with pressure, but decreased with temperature increase because of the variation in solvent density and resultant differences in oil solubility. The fatty acid composition of the extracted oil was similar to that of soybean oil.     

扑炎痛的合成新法

以水杨酸和对硝基苯酚为原料,在三氯氧磷存在下进行酯化,然后催化加氢还原硝基,最后用乙酐进行二酰化制得扑炎痛,三步收率分别为80.8％、90.4％和88.5％。     

腐植酸水处理剂在小合成氨厂的应用与改进

介绍腐植酸水处理剂在小合成氨厂的应用实例，并对存在的问题进行了讨论．     

椰油酸单乙醇酰胺磷酸酯的制备及性能研究

以椰油酸甲酯、单乙醇胺，Ｐ２Ｏ５等为原料制备一种新型阴离子表面活性剂－烷醇酰胺磷酸酯盐。初步探讨了工艺条件，测定了其物化性能。     

马来酸及其酐和衣康酸与PP熔体接枝反应机理的研究

以马来酸酐作对照，用热分析、流变、化学分析等方法，研究了马来酸和衣康酸在非隔氧条件下与ＰＰ熔体催化接枝反应的特点和规律，阐述了单体结构－单元反应相对速率－－接枝产物结构之间的关系，提出了３种接枝物的结构模型。     

Allelopathic effect of phenolic acids from humic solutions on two spruce mycorrhizal fungi:Cenococcum graniforme andLaccaria laccata

The aim of this investigation was to determine the impact ofp-hydroxyacetophenone,p-hydroxybenzoic acid, catechol, and protocatechuic acid on respiration of two spruce mycorrhizal fungi:Laccaria laccata andCenococcum graniforme. These phenols are produced byVaccinium myrtillus,Athyrium filixfemina, andPicea abies, predominant species of spruce forests in the Alps, and they are also present in humic solutions at 10^–10 M or 10^–5 M. Respiration of the two fungi was inhibited by the four phenolic acids, even at concentrations ranging from 10^–5 M to 10^–7 M. These data show phenolic acids from humic solutions have biological activity at extremely low concentrations, suggesting a contribution ofV. myrtillus, A. filixfemina, andP. abies to allelopathic inhibition of mycorrhizal fungi.