无规聚苯乙烯的物理老化研究进展

从无规聚苯乙烯(aPS)体积驰豫和结构驰豫的过程解释了aPS物理老化的现象,以及物理老化和退火对其物理性能的影响。总结了利用现代的研究方法对aPS玻璃化转变和松弛的研究状况。     

油品中无机微粒的介电响应

研制了介电泳微电极阵列芯片,建立了基于介电泳原理捕获石油中无机微粒的装置。用自制的芯片及装置研究了无机微粒在石油介质中的介电响应规律。实验结果表明,研制的芯片能够用于各种无机微粒在油品中介电响应的研究。实验所用的无机微粒中,空心微球是最好的实验材料,可作为研究无机微粒的模型。讨论了影响介电泳的各种因素。当频率固定时,迁移电压与微粒尺寸的三次方成反比;当粒径大小相近时,频率越低,迁移电压越低,在实际应用中可选择50Hz。在显微条件下得到的实验结果为石油产品的介电泳精制提供了理论依据。     

脲醛树脂/TiO2复合微球缓蚀剂的制备及性能表征

为降低发射药的烧蚀性,在不引入模板剂和结构导向剂的情况下,控制尿素和甲醛逐步聚合得到一种表面多孔的脲醛树脂微球作为基体,用溶胶-回流法在孔上沉积纳米TiO_2颗粒,形成复合微球作为缓蚀添加剂使用。扫描电镜及粒径分析结果表明脲醛树脂微球表面存在明显的斑驳纳米孔,结合傅里叶红外(FT-IR)和光电子能谱(XPS)分析,确定纳米孔可用于沉积纯度较高的纳米TiO_2,形成的脲醛树脂/TiO_2复合微球粒径分布在7～30μm。热分析结果显示,复合微球中无机组分的含量约为6%,复合微球与发射药具有良好的相容性,不会影响发射药的热分解且有利于提高发射药的热安定性。半密闭爆发器试验证实了复合微球的缓蚀性能,当复合微球相对于发射药的质量占比为3.4%时效果最好,缓蚀效率可达20.5%。该复合材料有望应用于制式发射药改性和新型高能发射药设计。     

超声振动对聚苯乙烯熔体解缠结的影响

用自行研制的超声振动挤出装置,采用控制变量的方法,改变超声功率和冷却条件,在水冷和空冷的条件下研究超声振动对聚苯乙烯(PS)熔体解缠结的影响.结果表明,在超声功率为200 W的范围内,聚苯乙烯并未发生明显的降解,挤出过程表观黏度下降的原因是超声的热效应及超声的空化效应和机械效应,分别占比56％和44％.通过定量缠结点间...     

乙烯基胶原蛋白微球的制备及其应用

为了得到带有"-C=C-"的胶原蛋白微球,我们使用甲基丙烯酸酐对胶原蛋白改性,再采用乳化交联法将改性胶原蛋白制备成乙烯基胶原蛋白微球(CMAs),并将微球应用到尼龙基材上.研究了CMAs的制备条件,使用傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、激光粒度分析仪等对CMAs和乙烯基胶原蛋白微球/尼龙(Nylo...     

蒙脱土/聚苯乙烯复合材料的热分解成炭行为

将聚苯乙烯(PS)树脂与不同种类蒙脱土(MMT)进行熔融复合制备MMT/PS复合材料, 通过X射线衍射(XRD)和高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)对复合材料的微观结构进行了研究。采用SEM、 EDX、 XRD、 氧指数法和锥形量热法研究了复合材料的热分解成炭行为和燃烧性能。结果表明: 用蒙脱土原土(NaMMT)制备的NaMMT/PS复合材料是一种简单物理混合物, 用有机蒙脱土(OMMT)制备的OMMT/PS复合材料是一种插层-部分剥离型纳米复合材料。MMT与PS质量比为6:100时, OMMT/PS复合材料的热释放速率峰值和平均值分别只有NaMMT/PS复合材料相应值的70.7%和67.4%, 火灾性能指数(FPI)是后者的1.2倍, 氧指数比后者增加1.0%, 热分解残余物表面碳元素含量是后者的2.5倍。OMMT/PS复合材料热分解后在材料表面生成一层厚厚的致密、 连续的含碳硅酸盐残余物层, 起到良好的阻燃作用, 而NaMMT/PS复合材料几乎没有成炭能力, 其热分解产物全部来自NaMMT本身的热分解, 阻燃性能很差。     

Acetamide‐modified hyper‐cross‐linked resin: Synthesis,characterization, and adsorption performance to phenol from aqueous solution

Acetamide‐modified hyper‐cross‐linked resin, HCP‐HMTA‐AA, was prepared and its adsorption performance was evaluated using phenol as the adsorbate. The prepared HCP–HMTA–AA owned predominant micro/mesopores and medium polarity, making it possess a superior adsorption to phenol as compared with polystyrene (PS), chloromethylated polystyrene (CMPS), hyper‐cross‐linked polymer (HCP) and amino‐modified hyper‐cross‐linked resin (HCP–HMTA). The adsorption enthalpy was ?99.56 kJ/mol at zero fractional loading, multiple hydrogen bonding contributed to such a great adsorption enthalpy and an approximately planar hexahydric ring was formed between acetamide of HCP–HMTA–AA and phenol. The dynamic capacity of phenol on HCP–HMTA–AA was 291.3 mg/g at a feed concentration of 946.2 mg/L and a flow rate of 48 mL/h and the resin column was almost regenerated by a mixed solvent including 50% of ethanol (v/v) and 0.01 mol/L of sodium hydroxide (w/v). HCP–HMTA–AA was repeatedly used for five times and the equilibrium adsorption capacity for the five time reached 94.2% of the equilibrium adsorption capacity for the first time. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41597.     

Rapid detection method for aflatoxin B1 in soybean sauce based on fluorescent microspheres probe

Soybean sauce, a Chinese traditional and daily condiment, is often contaminated by aflatoxin B₁. An extract-free immunochromatographic assay was proposed based on fluorescent microspheres probe for the' detection of aflatoxin B₁ in soybean sauce. The probe was prepared by coupling fluorescent microspheres with anti-aflatoxin B₁ antibody by the 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimides hydrochloride-mediated method. The background from the soybean sauce sample on strip was eliminated because of the optical property of the probe. The sample without extracting procedure was directly detected by diluting with 10% methanol solution. The visible detection limit for the qualitative analysis of aflatoxin B₁ in the proposed method was 2.5 μg/L, which was lower than the maximum level of 5 μg/L set by the Chinese government. The results were well agreed with those obtained by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The method showed satisfactory characteristics, such as rapid detection, easy operation, and high sensitivity, and can thus be applied for the large-scale and on-site screening of soybean sauce contaminated with aflatoxin B₁. To our knowledge, this report is the first one on the qualitative detection of aflatoxin B₁ in dark colored food samples directly by fluorescent microspheres probe-based immunochromatography.     

发泡球粒粒径对混合轻量砂强度影响试验研究

为确定发泡球粒粒径对混合轻量砂的强度影响规律,采用三轴固结不排水试验系统研究发泡颗粒混合轻量砂在不同配比下(2～6 mm范围内4种不同发泡颗粒平均粒径,水泥掺入比13%和20%,发泡颗粒体积比为1.8)的强度特性。试验结果表明：发泡颗粒混合轻量砂是一种结构性土体,其应力-应变关系曲线具非线性、多阶段性、应变硬化和应变软化特性。Mohr破坏包络线有折线形和直线形2种表现形式,取决于自身结构强度和所选取的固结压力。变形模量和抗压强度具有可调节性,随水泥掺入比增大而增大。配比一定时,随发泡颗粒粒径增大,变形模量线性减小,抗压强度呈指数递减。黏聚力和内摩擦角均随着发泡颗粒粒径的增大而呈递减的趋势,但内摩擦角减小的幅度较小。水泥含量对黏聚力影响较大,对内摩擦角影响不明显。发泡颗粒粒径在2～5 mm范围内增大时,单价降低率远远大于强度衰减率,继续增大优势不明显,粒径为5～6 mm时,制样难度大大增加。综合考虑,推荐采用4～5 mm粒径的发泡颗粒进行工程设计。     

不稳定交联剂在微球合成中的应用及性能影响

通过Ⅰ型稳定交联剂(MBA)与Ⅱ型不稳定交联剂(PEGDA)复合使用,采用反相乳液聚合法制备一种不稳定交联微球。通过本体聚合法考察PEGDA的分解温度为60~65℃,并结合激光粒度仪研究Ⅱ型交联剂对微球粒径、膨胀性能的影响,SEM观察微球水化前后的形态。研究发现,适量的Ⅱ型交联剂与MBA复合使用能够减小微球的初始粒径;微球水化前后形态近似球形,初始粒径约为3μm,膨胀后颗粒间发生团聚作用;不稳定交联微球尺寸分布较宽,在常温下几乎不膨胀,60℃后Ⅱ型交联剂失效,微球膨胀速率加快,膨胀倍率优于单一交联微球,1.95×105mg/L矿化度地层水中,微球18 h内中值粒径(D0.5)从13.94μm增加到70.71μm。