Thermoporometry as a new tool in analyzing mesoporous MCM-41 materials

Thermoporometry, a calorimetric procedure, is applied for measuring the pore size distribution, pore volume and surface area of mesoporous MCM-41 molecular sieves using water as the adsorbate. A series of MCM-41 materials with various pore diameters was synthesized and subjected to the new method. The results are compared with nitrogen physisorption. Both methods are complementary, whereby the former provides also information about the pore shape. MCM-41 materials with pores wider than 50 Å also allow the use of benzene as the adsorbate in thermoporometry.     

孔隙水压力与恒定时间对砂岩变形的实验研究

探讨三峡库水位在145-175 m之间涨落及蓄水时水压对岩（石）体的变形特性影响。以实验为基础,进行了不同轴向应力（1σ=55.54,34.18和12.82 MPa）条件下,周期孔隙水压力（Pmin=2 MPa,Pmax=6 MPa）与上、下限恒定时间（ΔT=120和240 s）作用下砂岩的变形特性实验。通过分析1ε-T与p-T关系曲线和p-1ε滞回曲线,可知：1ε-T砂岩曲线呈连续正弦波形演化,当孔隙水压力加载时,应变减小;上限恒定时,应变持续减小到谷值;卸载时,应变逐渐增大;下限恒定时,应变持续增大到峰值。砂岩p-1ε滞回曲线的2个阶段变化,一是微孔隙压密阶段,未形成明显的滞回曲线;二是孔隙水压力耦合阶段,形成了稳定的滞回曲线,表现形式由疏变密,并且稳定的滞回曲线呈逆时针演化。还对比了不同轴向应力和不同恒定时间条件下,每个p-1ε滞回曲线的四区段（加载段、卸载段、上限恒定段和下限恒定段）的Δε-n关系曲线。     

城市燃气管网的管径优选

根据城市燃气管网设计的特点和燃气管输理论,以图论原理为指导,运用最优化方法,以使整个城市管网系统的管网造价最低为目标函数,以管网的压力降方程、连续性方程、环路压力平衡方程等为约束条件,建立了城市燃气管网管径优化模型,采用拉格朗日算法优化燃气管网,并开发了城市燃气管网管径优选计算软件。     

多孔形状记忆合金表面羟基磷灰石涂层的沉积

燃烧合成法制备的多孔Ti50Ni48Fe2形状记忆合金具有三维连通的孔隙结构,其平均孔隙尺寸约为350μm。采用化学法即酸液和碱液处理后在模拟体液中浸泡一定时间可在多孔形状记忆合金表面沉积出羟基磷灰石涂层.     

多孔介质中有效孔扩散系数的试验测量

提出了通过实时测量扩散过程中多孔介质浮重变化,直接测定有效扩散系数的方法.首先建立了联系有效扩散系数和试件浮重变化的数学模型,并求出了该模型的解析解;利用非线性超定方程组优化求解的方法,结合问题的解析解和实测数据,反求出模型中的参数,有效扩散系数和边界层传质系数.用上述参数预测的试件浮重变化与实测浮重变化相差很小.表明该方法的实用性和可靠性.     

Characteristics of water inflow and chemical grouting treatment of a Liu Yuanzi Coal Mine shaft in the Ordos Basin

During shaft constructing, a borehole water inflow of 30 m3/h was encountered in Liu Yuanzi Coal Mine in the southwestern Ordos Basin, whose aquifer is mainly cretaceous. On the basis of regional hydrogeological conditions, a mercury intrusion method and scanning electron microscope were used in this study. We conclude that the loose, porous and easily collapsible clay particles of the cretaceous aquifer rock mass were the major geological cause for water hazards during the construction of the shaft. We propose an approach of chemical grouting from the working surface and in the end succeeded in blocking the water.     

鼓泡流化床中多组分颗粒分离的软球模拟

基于颗粒轨道模型,建立了粒径服从均匀分布的多组分颗粒体系分离的软球模型,模拟了粒径服从均匀分布的连续组分、三组分颗粒体系在流化床中的分离行为,并研究了表观气速不同时,连续组分、三组分颗粒体系的分离规律;同时讨论了粒径分别服从均匀分布与正态分布时,三组分颗粒体系分离行为的差异。研究结果表明：表观气速对连续组分、三组分颗粒体系的分离行为都有重要影响,但影响不同,粒径分布不同对三组分颗粒体系的分离行为没有显著影响。     

Preparation and electrochemical characterization of activated carbons by chemical-physical activation

A process was proposed based on the combination of chemical and physical activation for the production of activated carbons used as the electrode material for electric double layer capacitor (EDLC). By material characterization and electrochemical methods, the influences of the activitation process on the specific surface area, pore structure and electrochemical properties of the activated carbons were investigated. The results show that specific surface area, the mesopore volume, and the specific capacitance increase with the increase of the mass ratio of KOH to char (m(KOH)/m(char)) and the activation time, respectively. When m(KOH)/m(char) is 4.0, the specific surface area and the mesopore volume reach the maximum values, i.e. 1 960 m²/g and 0.308 4 cm³/g, and the specific capacitance is 120.7 F/g synchronously. Compared with the chemical activation, the activated carbons prepared by chemical-physical activation show a larger mesopore volume, a higher ratio of mesopore and a larger specific capacitance. Foundation item: Project(2007BAE12B01) supported by the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China     

真空烧结温度对多孔钛影响的研究

以碳酸氢铵做造孔剂,采用真空烧结法制备出生物多孔钛．研究了烧结温度对多孔钛显微形貌、显气孔率、抗压强度的影响．研究表明,提高烧结温度,有利于Ti晶体的发育,并提高制品抗压强度．     

基于CCD的轴径检测方法

给出了一种CCD相机标定与亚像素边缘检测相结合的轴径测量方法。该方法在修改了张正友标定方法中的畸变模型的基础上,利用专门设计的夹具夹持标定板进行CCD相机的外部参数标定,有效地保证了被测轴的夹持状态与标定的外部参数一致。使用拟合形式的亚像素边缘检测算法确定轴的两条边缘的位置,同时给出了利用伪直径确定真实轴径的函数关系式。通过与精密量具的测量结果对比,当轴径的基准尺寸在35～75mm时,该方法测量的平均误差为0.02mm。