The Pay As You Save program in rural Arkansas: An opportunity for rural distribution cooperative profits

This case study highlights the success of the Ouachita Electric Cooperative’s Pay As You Save program in Camden, Ark., in bringing both electricity bill savings to customers and benefits to implementing utilities, especially in rural areas. It is not specifically a low-income energy assistance program, but does benefit customers with high energy burdens. Through its on-bill tariff design, PAYS overcomes many barriers, such as the split incentive challenge and the need for upfront outlays.     

国内外能源利用效率比较及对我国的启示

经济增长与能源消耗之间有着密切的关系。通过对快速增长的新兴经济体以及经历类似阶段的发达国家的能源利用效率的比较和政策的分析,指出我国能源问题的原因在于生活、建筑能耗方面及高耗能行业的过度消耗,进而提出规范市场、优化产业结构等政策建议,从而实现使经济发展走上资源节约型、环境友好型的良性循环这一目标。     

摩擦改进剂对改善燃油经济性的影响研究

采用四球机试验,考察了钼胺化合物、二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸钼、无灰型摩擦改进剂与摩擦因数的关系以及它们之间的复配作用。结果表明：摩擦改进剂（FM）降低摩擦因数的效果与其化学结构有关;加入量提高,摩擦因数的改善效果明显;不同化学结构的摩擦改进剂复配使用,可以减低整个温度区的摩擦因数。     

装配夹具的设计及应用

设计一种能够使工件按一定的技术要求准确定位和牢固夹紧的杠杆夹具,提高产品质量和生产效率。     

叶绿素荧光量子产量的MODIS遥感算法

从荧光量子产量的原理出发,利用 MODIS 卫星数据建立了一种估算量子产量的算法--φ算法.通过 2006 年 3 月 23 日渤海和北黄海的 MODIS 数据计算了荧光量子产量,并与叶绿素荧光效率(cFE)产品进行了比较.结果表明,φ算法是一种更精确的荧光量子产量的估算算法,它有效地避免了 CFE 存在的几个误差来源:包括未考虑浮游植物的"包裹效应"、使用 412nm 的离水辐亮度反演的浮游植物吸收系数以及积分深度过浅.CFE在大部分海域出现负值,还出现了某些高估点;在有效数据范围内,两者存在明显的线性相关关系.φ算法估算的量子产量最高值在0.05左右,这与其它海区测量的值域范围基本一致.除辽东湾东北部和部分近岸水域外,大部分离岸水域在0.001～0.02的范围内.通过对φ算法的误差来源分析,认为发展一种新的反演 678nm 比吸收系数和平均吸收系数的波段比值算法是可行的,也是改进φ算法精度的有效方法.     

Genome-Wide Identification of TaSAUR Gene Family Members in Hexaploid Wheat and Functional Characterization of TaSAUR66-5B in Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency

Excessive input of nitrogen fertilizer not only causes a great waste of resources but brings about a series of ecological and environmental problems. Although Small Auxin Up-regulated RNAs (SAURs) participate in diverse biological processes, the function of SAURs in the nitrogen starvation response has not been well-studied. Here, we identified 308 TaSAURs in wheat and divided them into 10 subfamilies. The promoter regions of most TaSAURs contain hormone responsive elements, and their expression levels change under the treatment of different hormones, such as IAA, MeJA, and ABA. Interestingly, overexpression of one of the TaSAUR family members, a nitrogen starvation responsive gene, TaSAUR66-5B, can promote the growth of Arabidopsis and wheat roots. In addition, overexpression of TaSAUR66-5B in Arabidopsis up-regulates the expression levels of auxin biosynthesis related genes, suggesting that overexpression TaSAUR66-5B may promote root growth by increasing the biosynthesis of auxin. Furthermore, overexpression of TaSAUR66-5B in wheat can increase the biomass and grain yields of transgenic plants, as well as the nitrogen concentration and accumulation of both shoots and grains, especially under low nitrogen conditions. This study provides important genomic information of the TaSAUR gene family and lays a foundation for elucidating the functions of TaSAURs in improving nitrogen utilization efficiency in wheat.     

横穿混凝土后浇带配筋对后浇带效能不利影响的计算分析

对横穿混凝土后浇带钢筋对后浇带效能的不利影响进行了详细分析,给出了导致后浇带失效的横穿钢筋最大配筋率sρ,max及应用实例,提出了相应的实用设计建议。如建议近似在0~0.5ρs,max范围内控制横穿后浇带的设计配筋;对横穿后浇带的钢筋尽可能采用搭接连接方式等。     

电力工业的非参数效率测度分析

对资源优化配置的非参数模型在电力工业中的应用进行了研究.选择了国内部分电网的数据,从纯技术效率、规模效率以及投入可处置度、投入组合效率、投入综合效率的角度对部分电力企业的资源配置效率进行了横向分析,结果表明,不同的电力企业之间的资源配置效率差距较大,电力企业总体上生产性投资的要素组合比例不合理,利用率较低.     

空气潜孔锤钻进技术在舜皇山基岩地热深井的应用

空气潜孔锤钻进技术不仅可以提高钻探效率,而且不损害地热储层,因此在地热井中的应用十分广泛,但是仍受到钻探深度和出水量的限制。在湖南永州舜皇山基岩地热深井钻探过程中,常规牙轮钻进与泥浆钻进工艺存在钻进效率低、堵塞储层、影响出水量的可能。应用空气潜孔锤钻进技术实现了钻探深度的突破,钻探深度达到1820 m,实际出水量400 m3/d,出水温度43 ℃,符合设计指标。本文总结了相应的钻进工艺措施,以期促进对该技术在地热深井中的推广应用。     

Moving pick‐up‐type contactless power transfer systems and their efficiency using series and parallel resonant capacitors

The equivalent circuit, the efficiency, and the important characteristics of moving pick‐up type contactless power transfer systems are described. If the primary series capacitor and the secondary parallel capacitors are chosen correctly and the winding resistances are ignored, the equivalent circuit of the transformer with these capacitors becomes the same as an ideal transformer at the resonant frequency. This simple approximation helps to understand the phenomena occurring with load changes. Because the circuit analysis becomes simple, the approximate value of the power transfer efficiency can be derived. This paper describes the determination of the capacitor values, the derivation of the equivalent circuit and the efficiency, and test results. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 172(2): 47–54, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20970