A level set based immersed boundary method for simulation of non-isothermal viscoelastic melt filling process

In this work, the polymer melt filling process is simulated by using a coupled finite volume and level-set based immersed boundary (LS-IB) method. Firstly, based on a shape level set (LS) function to represent the mold boundary, a LS-IB method is developed to model the complex mold walls. Then the non-isothermal melt filling process is simulated based on non-Newtonian viscoelastic equations with differ-ent Reynolds numbers in a circular cavity with a solid core, and the effects of Reynolds number on the flow patterns of polymer melt are presented and compared with each other. And then for a true polymer melt with a small Reynolds number that varies with melt viscosity, the moving interface, the temperature distributions and the molecular deformation are shown and analyzed in detail. At last, as a commonly used application case, a socket cavity with seven inserts is investigated. The corresponding physical quantities, such as the melt velocity, molecular deformation, normal stresses, first normal stress differ-ence, temperature distributions and frozen layer are analyzed and discussed. The results could provide some predictions and guidance for the polymer processing industry.     

Experiment and computer simulation of particulate suspensions under shear flow

In this paper is described the role of molecular simulation as a useful quasi-‘experimental’ tool to help in understanding the interplay between molecular structure under shear flow and the manifested tribology/rheology. The development of non-equilibrium molecular simulation techniques are discussed, from the molecular dynamics approach through to the modelling of dispersions by brownian dynamics. Recent advances and extensions of the technique to weakly flocculated systems, such as electro-rheological fluids, are described.     

软件中的网络化特征及其对软件质量的贡献

现实世界中的许多复杂系统都可以使用网络模型进行描述,复杂网络的结构和性质研究已经成为引人注目的领域。软件作为一类复杂系统,也可以使用网络化的方法进行定量分析。文章首先介绍了度量网络特征的参数,然后将复杂网络理论引入人工设计和实现的软件中,把其中的实体和关系转换成为网络拓扑的形式,通过对四个不同规模并经过详细设计的Java类库进行实验验证和数值分析,发现其中的无尺度特征、小世界现象和脆弱性/鲁棒性并存的特点。根据这些结论,提出利用网络拓扑特征改善软件系统的设计、开发和测试方法。这些结果对提高软件质量具有有益的启示和指导意义。     

亚微米HMX/FPM2602超细混合炸药的制备工艺研究

采用"超声波、助剂-溶液-水悬浮-蒸馏-成型"和超临界流体反溶剂(SAS)包覆技术研究了亚微米奥克托今(HMX)/氟橡胶(FPM2602)混合炸药造型粉的制造工艺,并用组分分析、扫描电镜(SEM)和傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等方法进行了表征,对两种制备工艺得到的混合炸药的起爆性能进行了测试.结果表明,超声波、助剂-溶液-水悬浮-蒸馏-成型由于自身的一些缺点不适合制备超细混合炸药;而SAS包覆技术适合制备超细混合炸药,是一种绿色环保技术.     

Mixed convection in the heated semi-circular lid-driven cavity for nonNewtonian power-law fluids: Effect of presence and shape of the block

The present work delineates the hydrodynamics and thermal characteristics due to mixed convection in the liddriven semi-circular cavity affected by the presence of the adiabatic block at its geometric center for twodimensional, steady-state, laminar and for non-Newtonian power-law fluids. The semi-circular cavity has a diameter of D. The horizontal wall/lid is sliding with a uniform horizontal velocity(u = U) and is subjugated to the ambient thermal condition; while the curved surface is subjugated to a higher isothermal temperature.The convective characteristics inside the system is explored for the broad range of Richardson number(0.1 ≤Ri ≤ 10), Prandtl number(1 ≤ Pr ≤ 100) and non-Newtonian power-law index(0.5 ≤ n ≤ 1.5) at a constant Grashof number of 10~4. Apart from this, the effect of shape(cross-section) of the inserted block, i.e., circular, square and triangular on heat transfer characteristics has also been explored. It is observed that the shear thickening fluids display better cooling characteristics. Besides, the cavity with immersed triangular block shows better heat transfer results than the circular and square blocks. The deviations observed in the flow and heat transfer characteristics in the cavity by inserting an adiabatic block as compared with cavity without block have been ascertained by calculating normalized Nusselt number(Nu~N). The presence of the block was found to have a diminishing effect on the heat transfer due to convection in the cavity. In the end, the results of the study are summarized in the form of a predictive correlation exhibiting the functional dependence of average Nusselt number with Prandtl number, power-law index, and Richardson number.     

A simplified couette flow solution of non-newtonian power-law fluids in eccentric annuli

Flow of non-Newtonian fluids in both the concentric and eccentric annuli is of great importance in extruders for molten plastics and wellbore fluid circulation for the removal of drilling cuttings. The steady laminar couette flow of non-Newtonian power-law fluids in eccentric annulus is employed in this study to analyze the problems of surge or swab pressures encountered when running or pulling tubular goods (pipes) in a liquid filled borehole. This is similar to the annular space created by two long co-axial cylinders with the inner cylinder in motion at a steady velocity, and a stationary outer cylinder. The solutions of the equations of motion are presented in both dimensionless form and as a family of curves for different pipe/borehole eccentricity ratios and power-law fluid index values for a more general application. The expected error in surge computation for concentric annulus as a result of eccentricity is evaluated.     

叶片式MRF减振器的工作原理及磁路设计

介绍了一种基于传统叶片式液压减振器设计的叶片式MRF减振器的工作原理和磁路设计,利用Ansoft工程电磁场有限元分析软件对两种不同结构的叶片式MRF减振器的磁路进行了有限元分析.通过深入分析该型减振器的磁场分布,为其在车辆悬挂系统半主动控制中的应用奠定了基础.     

磁流变双筒式液压减振器设计及磁路仿真研究

介绍了某装甲车辆用被动式双筒式液压减振器的基本结构,基于这种结构提出了两种磁流变双筒式液压减振器的结构设计方案.为了确定最优的设计方案,利用Ansofi工程电磁场有限元分析软件对两种不同结构的MRF双筒式液压减振器的磁路进行了有限元分析.使用车载电源,在相同的工作电流下仿真得到两种结构该型MRF双筒式液压减振器的磁感应强度矢量和磁场强度分布,为其在车辆悬挂系统半主动控制中的应用奠定了基础.     

Nonhomogeneous flow of micellar solutions: A kinetic—network theory approach

The rheological behavior of micellar solutions is analyzed under nonhomogeneous velocity and stress flow conditions. The framework is based on the extended irreversible thermodynamics and the transient network formulation coupled to the underlying kinetics embodying two relevant processes: formation of wormlike chains from a free micellar solution through a thermally activated process and their flow induced degradation. The second kinetic process consists in the formation of entanglements from the free wormlike chains and their flow‐induced breakage. These processes are modeled in a coupled kinetic scheme constituted by a set of reversible kinetic equations describing the evolution in average of the three microstates (free short rod‐like micelles, free wormlike chains, and entangled wormlike chains) that reflect the complexity of macromolecular interactions. The predictions of the shear stress and first normal stress difference as a function of shear‐rate under banded flow are in good agreement with experimental data. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 2277–2292, 2018     

Using CFD to predict the behavior of power law fluids near axial-flow impellers operating in the transitional flow regime

A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of flow in a mixing tank with a single axial-flow impeller was developed with the Fluent^TM software. The model consists of an unstructured hexagonal mesh (158,000 total cells), dense in the region from the surface of the impeller. The flow was modeled as laminar and a multiple reference frame approach was used to solve the discretized equations of motion in one-quarter of a baffled tank. A solution of 0.1% Carbopol in water, a shear-thinning fluid, was found to be clear enough to measure impeller discharge angles using laser Doppler velocimetry. This is the first time that impeller discharge angles have been reported in the literature for a shear-thinning fluid with a hydrofoil impeller. Rheological measurements indicated that the Carbopol solution can be characterized by the power law (K=9,n=0.2) under the range of shear conditions (0.1- expected near the impeller in the mixing tank. The CFD model accurately predicted the dependence of power number and discharge angle on Reynolds number (as predicted by Metzner and Otto), for an A200 (pitched blade turbine or PBT) and an A315 (Hydrofoil) impeller operating in the transitional flow regime (Reynolds numbers: 25-400) with glycerin and 0.1% Carbopol solutions. Subsequently, the results of a systematic CFD study with power law fluids indicated that the power number and discharge angle of an axial-flow impeller in the transitional flow regime depends not only on the Reynolds number (as determined by Metzner and Otto's method) but also on the flow behavior index n. Consequently, an alternative to Metzner and Otto's method was pursued. The results of converged CFD simulations indicate that the near-impeller “average shear rate” increases not only with increasing RPM (as proposed by Metzner and Otto), but also with decreasing flow behavior index (n) and discharge angle in the transitional flow regime. Considering this result, an improved method of estimating the power number and discharge angle for power law fluids in the transitional flow regime is proposed.