Transformational leadership and moral reasoning.

Terms such as moral and ethical leadership are used widely in theory, yet little systematic research has related a sociomoral dimension to leadership in organizations. This study investigated whether managers' moral reasoning (n=132) was associated with the transformational and transactional leadership behaviors they exhibited as perceived by their subordinates (n=407). Managers completed the Defining Issues Test (J. R. Rest, 1990), whereas their subordinates completed the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (B. M. Bass & B. J. Avolio, 1995). Analysis of covariance indicated that managers scoring in the highest group of the moral-reasoning distribution exhibited more transformational leadership behaviors than leaders scoring in the lowest group. As expected, there was no relationship between moral-reasoning group and transactional leadership behaviors. Implications for leadership development are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A psychoanalytic-existential approach to burnout: Demonstrated in the cases of a nurse, a teacher, and a manager.

A psychoanalytic-existential approach to understanding and treating burnout is presented and demonstrated in the cases of a nurse, a teacher, and a manager. According to the existential perspective, the root cause of burnout lies in people's need to find existential significance in their lives and their sense that the work they do does not provide it. The reason why people choose to derive a sense of significance through a particular career is explained by the psychoanalytic perspective, which attributes it to significant childhood experiences and family of origin dynamic. A treatment approach based on the psychoanalytic-existential approach is proposed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Predicting ratings of sales success with objective performance information.

What information about salesmen best predicts success in sales work as indicated by sales managers' appraisals of sales performance? To find out, 40 salesmen were studied for 6 months. "In all, 21 objective variables were intercorrelated with 19 appraisal variables… . the best predictors of appraisal factors: Spot Orders, Spot Orders vs. Par, Shop Orders/Shop Calls, New Business Orders, and New Business Orders vs. Par." The procedures were considered very promising for trial by others. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Need satisfactions of managerial level personnel in a government agency.

Compares the need satisfactions of managers in field work with those of similar managers in central office work with a government agency. There was greater satisfaction among those in field work especially with respect to certain higher-level needs. Also, a comparison was made of the need satisfactions of all respondents in the government agency with those of a similar group from private industry. The satisfaction of the government managers was less across all need items than the satisfaction of the private industry managers. A perceptual halo effect created by the insecure conditions existing in the government agency at the time the study was conducted may explain this finding. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Job attitudes in management: V. Perceptions of the importance of certain personality traits as a function of job level.

This study investigated managers' perceptions of the relative importance of 10 personality traits for success in their managerial roles, as a function of level of position within management. Data were obtained by means of a questionnaire in which the 10 traits were rank ordered in importance by over 1800 respondents from all parts of management and all types of companies. The 10 traits consisted of 5 Other-Directed or Organization Man type traits, and 5 Inner-Directed type traits. Results showed that Inner-Directed traits were perceived as more important at each higher level of management and thereby Other-Directed traits were seen as more important at each lower level of management. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Construct revalidation of a forced-choice rating form.

A forced-choice rating form was revalidated by using a type of construct validation based on the hypothesis that a manager's effectiveness is reflected in the performance level of his subordinates. 11 plant managers were ranked on overall effectiveness by 3 independent judges, and the relationship between these rankings and the average performance report scores of 142 first-line supervisors in the respective plants was determined by analysis of variance and correlation techniques. Results showed a significant overall relationship between plant-manager rankings and production-supervisor scores on the forced-choice form (p = .005) and significant correlations on 2 of the 6 subscales, with the highest relationship apparent in the Human Relations area (p = .025). The findings support the hypothesis of a relationship between management effectiveness and subordinate performance, and provide evidence to indicate continued validity of the rating instrument. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

深部综放工作面巷道强力超前支护系统设计

针对煤矿深部综放工作面巷道顶板压力大、变形严重,巷道超前压力与变形影响范围大的特点,分析深部开采巷道压力分布特点与变形规律,提出有效控制深部巷道严重变形的方法,研制出能够适应长距离、大变形深部巷道的两列两节式强力超前支架支护系统;介绍了超前支护系统主要技术参数的确定和主要特点,并对超前支护系统推移机构和稳定机构的适应性进行了分析;此支护系统在兖矿集团东滩矿14310工作面试验,超前支护60 m。经实际测定,巷道顶底板的平均变形量为202 mm,两帮平均变形量为848 mm,与用单体支护相比,巷道的变形量大幅降低;通过试验观测结果分析可知,该支护系统支护效果好,巷道围岩变形较小,满足综放工作面深部巷道支护的要求。     

Sigiri: uniform resource abstraction for grids and clouds

With the maturation of grid computing facilities and recent explosion of cloud computing data centers, midscale computational science has more options than ever before to satisfy computational needs. But heterogeneity brings complexity. We propose a simple abstraction for interaction with heterogeneous resource managers spanning grid and cloud computing and on features that make the tool useful for the midscale physical or natural scientist. Key strengths of the abstraction are its support for multiple standard job specification languages, preservation of direct user interaction with the service, removing the delay that can come through layers of services, and the predictable behavior under heavy loads. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

深部大采高充填开采沿空留巷围岩控制机理及应用

针对深部大采高充填开采沿空留巷支护系统损毁等矿压现象,提出了高水材料充填体性能优化、锚杆索强力联合支护和钢管混凝土组合支架的综合控制技术,并阐明其作用机制。综合多种方法研究分析不同配比方案条件下的充填体力学性能和矿压规律,得出C2组配比材料充填能较快形成稳定平衡大结构;提出降低实体煤帮高度和采用高强锚杆索形成点线面结合的支护结构体系,保障关键支承点实体煤帮稳定,以及高预应力高强锚杆索和桁架锚索系统保障留巷顶板小结构完整;研制的圆钢管混凝土组合支架具有承载能力高、抗弯性能强、塑性与韧性好以及一定让压能力和抗侧压能力等优越性,能适应深部留巷顶板大变形和提升充填体围岩支护性能。现场实践表明,采用综合控制新技术后,无明显周期来压现象,支护系统未发生弯曲损毁现象,充填体侧顶底板移近量达490 mm,实现了深部大采高沿空留巷围岩的有效控制。     

AN EXACT TEST FOR A STOCHASTIC COEFFICIENT IN A TIME SERIES REGRESSION MODEL

An exact small-sample test is developed for testing the hypothesis that a regression coefficient is constant against the alternative that it is generated by a random walk process. The test is mean- and scale-invariant and approximates the most powerful invariant test against any specific alternative. It thus outperforms tests previously given in the literature. Computationally efficient algorithms are given to compute the test statistic and its distribution using a modified version of the Kalman filter.