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稠油热采注汽管道由于长期在高温、高压下运行,极易发生各种损伤,如腐蚀、裂纹、材料退化等,极易造成管道承压能力降低,发生失效事故。如何检测出潜在危险性缺陷,判断注汽管道能否继续使用,是保证注汽管道安全运行的关键问题。探讨了高温压力管道在线检测技术发展现状及其应用范围。 相似文献
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Bray James H.; Adams Gerald J.; Getz J. Greg; McQueen Amy 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2003,71(3):553
The study used latent growth modeling to investigate longitudinal relationships between individuation, peer alcohol use, and adolescent alcohol use among African American, Mexican American, and non-Hispanic White adolescents (N=6,048) from 7th, 8th, and 9th grades over a 3-year period. Initial levels of peer alcohol use were significantly related to changes in adolescents' alcohol use, whereas initial adolescent alcohol use also significantly related to changes in peers' alcohol use, suggesting a bidirectional relationship. Higher levels of intergenerational individuation were related to smaller increases in adolescent alcohol use and higher levels of separation were related to larger increases in youth drinking. The findings were similar across ethnic groups. Implications for development of prevention and intervention programs are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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As cropland and pasture have replaced forest and cerrado in Brazilian Amazônia, concern has mounted over the effects of changing the biogeochemical and hydrological properties of one of the world's great storehouses of biomass and biodiversity. Although much recent effort has focused on the location, effects, and causes of deforestation and cerrado conversion, much less is known about the basin-wide spatial distribution and density of the land use following conversion for crops or pasture.In this paper, we use census and satellite records to develop maps of the distribution and abundance of major agricultural land uses across 4.5×108 ha of Brazilian Amazônia in 1980 and 1995. Results indicate an overall expansion of 7.0×106 ha in total agricultural area in Brazilian Amazônia between 1980 and 1995. The net change during this period is estimated for three different land-use types: croplands (an increase of 0.8×106 ha), natural pastures (a decrease of 8.4×106 ha), and planted pastures (an increase of 14.7×106 ha). These estimates, the first spatially explicit quantifications of agricultural land-use activities in 1980 and 1995 across Brazilian Amazônia, are shown to be consistent with the results of applying a land use change and secondary regrowth model to published deforestation rates for the period.The resulting time slices, presented for each land-use category at 5-min (∼9 km) spatial resolution, allow for the quantification of land-use changes in this region for biogeochemical, demographic and economic models. Several foci of agricultural change existed within Brazilian Amazônia during this period: in the state of Pará, cropland was lost and planted pasture increased markedly; in Mato Grosso, both cropland and planted pasture increased; in Rondônia, planted pasture replacing forest was the primary route to agricultural expansion. 相似文献
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Yu. S. Yakovlev 《Cybernetics and Systems Analysis》2003,39(5):765-776
Distinctive features of architectural-structural organization and use of memory networks are considered with the aim of choosing an optimal configuration in designing distributed computer systems. 相似文献
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Qi Gong 《Automatica》2007,43(1):184-189
In this paper we address the practical tracking problem for a class of nonlinear systems by dynamic output feedback control. Unlike most of the existing results where the unmeasurable states in the nonlinear vector field can only grow linearly, we allow higher-order growth of unmeasurable states. The proposed controller makes the tracking error arbitrarily small and demonstrates nice properties such as robustness to disturbances and universal property to reference signals. 相似文献
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中国城市土地利用结构优化研究述评 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
城市土地利用结构的确定和优化是城市总体规划的核心内容,从土地使用制度变迁,学科交叉,数理模型方法三方面回顾了中国城市土地利用结构优化研究的发展历程,分析了中国城市土地利用结构优化研究的新气象。在此基础上,指出当前研究工作的不足和问题,并提出未来研究的方向。 相似文献