高温还原性气氛下TiOx-SiO2-MgO系结晶过程的研究

实验通过定组成的H2/CO2混合气控制氧分压,在温度为1873 K、1673 K、1473 K,氧分压为1.22×10-8~2.18×10-12 Pa、4.92×10-8~8.79×10-12 Pa的范围内,研究了TiOx-SiO2-MgO 系的析出相.结合XRD和EDS分析并对比汪大亚等人的研究可知,当氧分压较高（PCO∶PCO2=5∶1）时,对于初始成分TiO2∶MgO∶SiO2摩尔比为60∶25∶15的试样,在1873 K 和1673 K 时的析出相为TiO2,在1473 K 时其析出相为MgTi2O5;对于初始成分TiO2∶MgO∶SiO2摩尔比为60∶15∶25的试样,在1873 K时其析出相为TiO2,在1673 K和1473 K时析出相为MgTi2O5.而当氧分压较低（PH2∶PCO2=600∶1、300∶1、150∶1）时,2种不同成分的试样在不同温度下的析出相均为黑钛石,并且随着氧分压的降低,黑钛石中的Mg 含量逐渐减少.     

The use of nonylphenol formaldehyde resins for preventing asphaltene precipitation in vacuum residues and hydroprocessed petroleum samples

This work focused on the synthesis and characterization of nonylphenol formaldehyde resins (NPFR) as examples of active molecules for preventing asphaltene precipitation in vacuum residue (VR) and hydroprocessed petroleum samples. The evaluation for the NPFR as asphaltene dispersants was carried out using the on-column filtration technique at room temperature and near process conditions (195°C). The results indicated that NPFR (molecular weight = 900–4800 Da) are active for the reduction of asphaltene content of gravimetrically separated asphaltene solutions and for VR and hydroprocessed samples at room temperature (35°C) and at 195°C. It was found that the activity of NPFR as asphaltene dispersants depends not only on the type of sample (asphaltenes, virgin or processed) but also on the temperature, molecular weight, and concentration.     

Experimental and modeling asphaltene precipitation in presence of DBSA using PC-SAFT EOS

Asphaltene precipitation and subsequent deposition in production tubing and topside facilities present significant cost penalties to crude oil production. Therefore, it is highly desirable to predict their phase behavior and the efficiency of dispersants in preventing or delaying deposition. Very few studies have been carried out on the molecular interactions between asphaltenes and different dispersants. As a result, the mechanisms by which dispersants stabilize asphaltenes are still open to discussion. The authors introduced a new method to characterize asphaltenes in perturbed chain statistical association fluid theory equation of state (EOS; perturbed-chain statistical association fluid theory EOS [PC-SAFT-EOS]) and correctly model the effect of dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) dispersant on the thermodynamic behavior of asphaltenes. Using the filtration method the effect of the ionic dispersant (DBSA) on asphaltene precipitation for different concentrations of n-heptane was measured experimentally, then modeled through PC-SAFT EOS. In the approach only the hard-chain and the dispersion terms are taken into consideration, and PC-SAFT parameters were calculated based on Gonzales et al. (2007 Gonzalez, D. L., Hirasaki, G. J., Creek, J., and Chapman, W. G. (2007). Modeling of asphaltene precipitation due to changes in composition using the perturbed chain statistical associating fluid theory equation of state. Energy Fuels 21:1231–1242.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) based on molecular weight (Mw) and aromaticity factor (γ). Additionally, the model could correctly predict the amount of asphaltene precipitation upon addition of DBSA dispersant.     

尾矿膏体蠕动堆存技术在窄沟陡坡降雨集中尾矿库的应用

为解决高寒陡坡尾矿库下游式排放方式降雨集中季节在窄沟陡坡形成的泥石流冲击尾矿坝等问题,对高海拔尾矿库采用上游法排放尾矿,采用自高而下分台阶蠕动排放,修筑防汛缓冲子坝,实行全面防渗与排渗,以及边运行边复垦等有效措施,保证了降雨集中季节以及尾矿冻结融化过程中尾矿库运行的稳定性。     

用反萃界面沉淀法制备二氧化钛超细粉体

用反萃界面沉淀法,以氨水为反萃剂,通过优化煅烧温度和反萃条件制备出超细TiO2光催化剂.结果表明,采用反萃沉淀法制备超细TiO2光催化剂,改变煅烧温度和水油相加入的方式、降低氨水的浓度、制备温度和陈化时间等因素均有显著的影响.用氨水反萃制备纳米TiO2其最佳煅烧温度为350℃,氨水的浓度和陈化温度存在最佳值.氨水浓度(体积比)为1:5,陈化温度为17.5℃有利于生成小颗粒;陈化时间较短和将水相加入油相有利于生成小颗粒.     

Amino acid, fatty acid, and mineral profiles of materials recovered from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) processing by-products using isoelectric solubilization/precipitation

ABSTRACT:  Protein, lipid, and insolubles (bones, skin, scales, fins, insoluble protein, and more) were recovered from rainbow trout processing by-products by means of isoelectric solubilization/precipitation at basic pH and acidic pH. Isoelectric solubilization/precipitation of the trout processing by-products resulted in the recovery of protein that was higher ( P < 0.05) in essential amino acids (EAAs), non-EAAs, and total EAA/total AA ratio when compared to the processing by-products. Basic pH treatments yielded a higher ( P < 0.05) content of EAAs than the acidic pH treatments. Nutritional quality of the recovered protein was high based on EAAs meeting the FAO/WHO/UNU recommendations for adults. The presence of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids (ω-3, ω-6 FAs) and the ω-3/ω-6 ratio in the recovered lipids were similar to the trout processing by-products, indicating that the pH treatments had no effect on these FAs. Ca and P contents of the processing by-products exceeded the recommended dietary allowances (RDA), but Fe and Mg did not. Basic pH treatments yielded protein with the lowest ( P < 0.05) amount of minerals and the highest ( P < 0.05) amount of Ca, P, and Mg in the insolubles when compared to acidic pH. The isoelectric solubilization/precipitation of the processing by-products effectively removed minerals from the recovered protein without removal of the bones, skin, scales, fins, and so on, prior to processing. The results indicated that isoelectric solubilization/precipitation, particularly at basic pH, permitted recovery of high-quality protein and lipids from fish processing by-products for human food uses; also, the recovered insolubles may be used in animal feeds as a source of minerals.     

影响中国大气降水稳定同位素组成的主要因素分析

本文根据中国大气降水同位素监测网近几年来（1985～1993年）20多个台站的监测结果，以相关分析的形式，探讨了各种气象要素、地理环境因素，对形成我国大气降水稳定同位素组成的影响机理和结果。给出了中国大气降水稳定同位素月雨量加权平均值区域分布图。     

井群降水在黄河一级阶地的应用

结合三盛公黄河特大桥一级阶地富水砂粘土、粘砂土、粉细砂地层中采用井群降水明挖承台施工的方法，介绍了井群降水设计与施工技术。     

EFFECT OF MICROSTRUCTURE ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF INCOLOY 907

Effect of microstructure on the mechanical properties of a precipitation strengtheningFe-Ni-Co based low expansion alloy,Incoloy 907.has been investigated under different heattreatments.The dispersed γ-phase is found to be the principal strengthening phase in thealloy.The microstructure of the alloy with even dispersed fine γ′-phase seems to have the bestmechanical properties.However,it will be worsened if the alloy was aged at some higher tem-perature or overaged to precipitate needle-like ε-phase.