(CoFe)Se2@NC超级电容器电极材料的制备及其电化学性能

金属-有机框架(MOF)衍生的过渡金属硒化物和多孔碳纳米复合材料具有巨大的储能优势,是应用于电化学储能的优良电极材料。采用共沉淀法制备CoFe类普鲁士蓝(CoFe-PBA)纳米立方,并通过静电组装在CoFe-PBA上包覆聚吡咯(PPy)得到CoFe-PBA@PPy;通过在400℃氮气中退火并硒化成功制备了氮掺杂的碳(NC)包覆(CoFe)Se₂的(CoFe)Se₂@NC纳米复合材料,并对其结构和形貌进行了表征。以(CoFe)Se₂@NC为电极制备了超级电容器,测试了其电化学性能,结果表明,在电流密度1 A/g时超级电容器的比电容达到1047.9 F/g,在电流密度5 A/g下1000次循环后具有良好的循环稳定性和96.55%的比电容保持率。由于其性能优越、无毒、成本低和易于制备,未来(CoFe)Se₂@NC纳米复合材料在超级电容器中具有非常大的应用潜力。     

Instructing students on effective sequences of examples and problems: Does self-regulated learning improve from knowing what works and why?

Nowadays, students often practice problem-solving skills in online learning environments with the help of examples and problems. This requires them to self-regulate their learning. It is questionable how novices self-regulate their learning from examples and problems and whether they need support. The present study investigated the open questions (1) to what extent students' (novices) task selections align with instructional design principles and (2) whether informing them about these principles would improve their task selections, learning outcomes, and motivation. Higher education students (N = 150) learned a problem-solving procedure by fixed sequences of examples and problems (FS-condition), or by self-regulated learning (SRL). The SRL participants selected tasks from a database, varying in format, complexity, and cover story, either with (ISRL-condition) or without (SRL-condition) watching a video detailing the instructional design principles. Students' task-selection patterns in both SRL conditions largely corresponded to the principles, although tasks were built up in complexity more often in the ISRL-condition than in the SRL-condition. Moreover, there was still room for improvement in students' task selections after solving practice problems. The video instruction helped students to better apply certain principles, but did not enhance learning and motivation. Finally, there were no test performance or motivational differences among conditions. Although these findings might suggest it is relatively ‘safe’ to allow students to independently start learning new problems-solving tasks using examples and problems, caution is warranted: It is unclear whether these findings generalize to other student populations, as the students participating in this study have had some experience with similar tasks or learning with examples. Moreover, as there was still room for improvement in students' task selections, follow-up research should investigate how we can further improve self-regulated learning from examples and practice problems.     

基于HAGA的D2D-NOMA资源分配优化算法

针对无线系统带宽资源有限、基站负载压力大、传输时延长等问题,提出一种基于非正交多址接入技术的D2D系统吞吐量最大化资源分配算法。在不同用户的服务质量约束条件下,建立D2D系统吞吐量最大化资源分配模型。该模型的优化目标是一个混合整数非线性规划问题,将其解耦为信道匹配与功率分配2个子问题并分别进行处理,利用自适应惩罚函数法处理约束条件并提出一种基于爬山策略的自适应遗传算法以对问题进行求解。仿真结果表明,与GA、AGA算法相比,该算法能够有效提高D2D系统的吞吐量,且收敛性能更好。     

电连接器接触件插拔特性仿真与试验研究

为探究电连接器接触件插拔过程中各监测量变化情况,并分析接触件不同结构参数对电连接器插拔特性的影响,利用ANSYS对接触件插拔过程进行仿真,得到了插拔过程中插孔簧片变形、应力分布以及插拔力和接触压力的变化情况,分析了接触件不同结构尺寸时接触压力等参量的变化规律。分析得知缩口量变化对各监测量影响最大,其次是插孔簧片长度和厚度,开槽宽度对接触件的影响很小。结果表明,有限元法能较好地模拟接触件插拔过程中各监测量的变化情况。该方法能为电连接器接触件的设计和可靠性测试提供依据。     

Study on the void reduction behaviour of porous asphalt pavement based on discrete element method

The objective of this study was to analyse the void reduction behaviour of porous asphalt mixture under load. A three-dimensional discrete element model of porous asphalt mixture based on aggregate gradation and void gradation was built in PFC3D software. The parameter of the model was obtained from creep test. The rutting test was simulated using this discrete element model. And a new method was developed to obtain and analyse the void structure in discrete element model. The simulation results were compared with one of the laboratory test. The comparative analysis indicates that, the discrete element method can be used to simulate the creep response and void reduction behaviour of porous asphalt mixture. Further research shows that porosity, effective porosity, number of connected components and section pores have a good correlation with strain of porous asphalt mixture. With the increase in strain, the proportion of section pores with diameter less than 2 mm increases. In the initial stage of loading, the void reduction is the main reason for rut increment of porous asphalt mixture. In the later stage, the void structure is almost incompressible; the lateral deformation of mixture becomes the domination factor.     

The method of fundamental solutions for problems in static thermo-elasticity with incomplete boundary data

An inverse problem in static thermo-elasticity is investigated. The aim is to reconstruct the unspecified boundary data, as well as the temperature and displacement inside a body from over-specified boundary data measured on an accessible portion of its boundary. The problem is linear but ill-posed. The uniqueness of the solution is established but the continuous dependence on the input data is violated. In order to reconstruct a stable and accurate solution, the method of fundamental solutions is combined with Tikhonov regularization where the regularization parameter is selected based on the L-curve criterion. Numerical results are presented in both two and three dimensions showing the feasibility and ease of implementation of the proposed technique.     

Probabilistic crack trajectory analysis by a dimension reduction method

This paper proposes a novel analysis method of stochastic crack trajectory based on a dimension reduction approach. The developed method allows efficiently estimating the statistical moments, probability density function and cumulative distribution function of the crack trajectory for cracked elastic structures considering the randomness of the loads, material properties and crack geometries. First, the traditional dimension reduction method is extended to calculate the first four moments of the crack trajectory, in which the responses are eigenvectors rather than scalars. Then the probability density function and cumulative distribution function of the crack trajectory can be obtained using the maximum entropy principle constrained by the calculated moments. Finally, the simulation of the crack propagation paths is realized by using the scaled boundary finite element method. The proposed method is well validated by four numerical examples performed on varied cracked structures. It is demonstrated that this method outperforms the Monte Carlo simulation in terms of computational efficiency, and in the meanwhile, it has an acceptable computational accuracy.     

Cellular manufacturing system design considering machines reliability and parts alternative process routings

Cell formation is an important problem in the design of cellular manufacturing systems (CMS). Most cell formation methods appeared in the literature assume that each part has one process plan, and all machines are 100% reliable with unlimited capacity. However, this is not realistic in manufacturing systems. Considering machines reliability in addition to machines capacity and machine duplicates during the part route selection process help to obtain better machine grouping and minimum total cost for CMS. Considering these factors in addition to operations sequence and production volumes makes the problem more complex but more realistic. Most of the methods appeared in the literature to solve such problems use mathematical programming procedures that take large amount of computational efforts. Procedures using similarity coefficient method are more flexible in incorporating various important production data and lend easily to computer applications. A new similarity coefficient equation that incorporates all these production factors is developed. Also, a procedure that captures the similarity between machine groups and minimises the total CMS cost is developed. The procedure utilises functional cells to eliminate intercellular moves and achieve ‘one-piece flow’ practise. The methodology is compared with other methods in the literature and found to be more effective.     

A modified teaching–learning-based optimisation algorithm for bi-objective re-entrant hybrid flowshop scheduling

In this paper, a modified teaching–learning-based optimisation (mTLBO) algorithm is proposed to solve the re-entrant hybrid flowshop scheduling problem (RHFSP) with the makespan and the total tardiness criteria. Based on the simple job-based representation, a novel decoding method named equivalent due date-based permutation schedule is proposed to transfer an individual to a feasible schedule. At each generation, a number of superior individuals are selected as the teachers by the Pareto-based ranking phase. To enhance the exploitation ability in the promising area, the insertion-based local search is embedded in the search framework as the training phase for the TLBO. Due to the characteristics of the permutation-based discrete optimisation, the linear order crossover operator and the swap operator are adopted to imitate the interactions among the individuals in both the teaching phase and the learning phase. To store the non-dominated solutions explored during the search process, an external archive is used and updated when necessary. The influence of the parameter setting on the mTLBO in solving the RHFSP is investigated, and numerical tests with some benchmarking instances are carried out. The comparative results show that the proposed mTLBO outperforms the existing algorithms significantly.