Transformations for optimizing interprocess communication and synchronization mechanisms

This paper presents source-level transformations that improve the performance of programs using synchronous and asynchronous message passing primitives, including remote call to an active process (rendezvous). It also discusses the applicability of these transformations to shared memory and distributed environments. The transformations presented reduce the need for context switching, simplify the specific form of communication, and/or reduce the complexity of the given form of communication. One additional transformation actually increases the number of processes as well as the number of context switches to improve program performance. These transformations are shown to be generalizable. Results of hand-applying the transformations to SR programs indicate reductions in execution time exceeding 90% in many cases. The transformations also apply to many commonly occurring synchronization patterns and to other concurrent programming languages such as Ada and Concurrent C. The long term goal of this effort is to include such transformations as an otpimization step, performed automatically by a compiler.This work was supported by NSF under Grant Number CCR88-10617.     

ICS TRUSTED系统在炼油厂压缩机调速中的应用

介绍ICS TRUSTED系统在炼油厂压缩机调速中的应用,重点介绍ICS TRUSTED强大的软件功能以及在压缩机调速系统中运用的可靠性、适用性和灵活性。     

试析信息化背景下的排污权交易程序规制

排污权交易将市场机制充分地运用到资源配置中，通过信息化的控制能够达到降低成本保护环境的目的。在信息化背景下，排污权交易制度已成为环境保护制度研究中一个新兴的热点问题，我国部分地区也对此进行了相应的试点。但运用信息化处理排污权交易缺乏清晰的制度方面的规制，尤其是信息化程序的规制。本文按照信息化的要求，试图从制度方面确立排污权初次分配、排污权的再次分配的程序规制，并重点论述下排污权交易中自律组织的运行。     

Teaching Bayesian reasoning in less than two hours.

The authors present and test a new method of teaching Bayesian reasoning, something about which previous teaching studies reported little success. Based on G. Gigerenzer and U. Hoffrage's (1995) ecological framework, the authors wrote a computerized tutorial program to train people to construct frequency representations (representation training) rather than to insert probabilities into Bayes's rule (rule training). Bayesian computations are simpler to perform with natural frequencies than with probabilities, and there are evolutionary masons for assuming that cognitive algorithms have been developed to deal with natural frequencies. In 2 studies, the authors compared representation training with rule training; the criteria were an immediate learning effect, transfer to new problems, and long-term temporal stability. Rule training was as good in transfer as representation training, but representation training had a higher immediate learning effect and greater temporal stability. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Prediction of rotational torque and design of reaming program using horizontal directional drilling in rock strata

Horizontal directional drilling (HDD) has been widely used to efficiently and cost-effectively install pipelines in a variety of conditions. In particular, during application of HDD in the recent West-East Natural Gas Transmission Project in China, rocky conditions were encountered. In such difficult situations, it is necessary to predict the torque required for performing the reaming operation, as well as to select the appropriate type and size of reamers. However, there is presently not an appropriate and convenient method to accomplish these tasks, especially for large pipelines, such as 1219 mm (48 in.) diameter, which typically require a borehole of approximately 1600 mm (64 in.). The process of expanding the initial borehole to the ultimate required diameter in rocky strata is often a complicated procedure involving several passes of intermediate size reamers. Although available information for drilling techniques does provide some means of predicting the torque, it is not sufficient for meeting the present needs, including providing guidelines for determining the corresponding reaming program. Therefore, the results of recent research, which addresses rock crushing energy, have been incorporated to develop an improved prediction method. The results reflect rock characteristics collected at different job sites, which may be applied to new projects containing similar rock strata. The improved methodology is a valuable aide for engineers in their selection of an appropriate back-reaming program.     

全低变催化剂的失活原因及对策

针对全低变催化剂的失活情况进行分析，并提出解决办法。     

供热管道带压堵漏技术

分析了供热管道发生泄漏的原因，介绍了多种带压堵漏技术及实施带压堵漏应注意的问题。     

Multiobjective process line optimization under uncertainty applied to papermaking

Multiobjective optimization methodology for the development of the papermaking process is considered. The aim is to find efficient and reliable solution procedures for the process line model consisting of sequential unit-process models; some of them based on physics, whereas others on experimental data. By the consequence of modeling procedures, nonphysical states or inherited from modeling data in statistical case, the unit-process models may suffer from undesired unreliability. To control the uncertainty resulting from the unit-process models, a new multiobjective optimization approach is introduced where both the papermaking targets as well as the uncertainty related unit-process models are simultaneously taken into account. We illustrate the solution process by numerical examples related to the quality of the produced paper.     

Effects of structural variables on AUL and rheological behavior of SAP gels

The swelling properties of superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) under real conditions are extremely important for selecting the material suitable for a given application, e.g. feminine napkin or agriculture. This new practical research represents deeper synthetic and physicochemical studies on the structure–property relation in acrylic SAP hydrogels and composites. Thus, the values of saline‐absorbency under load (AUL; a measurable simulation of the real circumstances of SAP applications, at pressures 0.3–0.9 psi) were measured for the SAP or SAP composite samples prepared under different conditions, i.e. type and content of crosslinker, type and concentration of initiator, percentage of inorganic filler (kaolin), and type and percentage of porosity generators. The samples were subsequently used to determine the rheological and morphological characteristics. Dynamic storage modulus (G′) measurements were carried out at constant strain in a wide range of frequency. Linear correlations were frequently found to be active between AUL and G′ data over the rubber‐elastic plateau. Thus, for a given SAP: AUL = k_totalG′ + C. The coefficient k total is a function of (nature and content of crosslinker, initiator, inorganic component, particle morphology, etc.). Therefore, the easily measured AUL values could be simply correlated to the main synthesis variables and molecular structure of SAP gels through a rheological material function (G′). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Preparation of Reference Samples for Refractoriness Under Load (Non-differential, with Rising Temperature) of Refractories

The preparation of reference samples for refractoriness under load < non-differential.with rising temperature) of refractories was discussed.According to features and application of reference samples.quartz glass was chosen as a stand-by reference material for uniformity and stability tests.Then.the true value was fixed by gathering the testing results from many labs with stable testing levels and reliable testing results in China.The testing results from these labs were used for normality test by Shapiro-wilk method:and for abnormality value test by Grubbs method.for equal observation test by Cochran method.After confirming no abnormality values among the testing results from the labs.the average values of reference samples were calculated and the uncertainty was appraised.The results show that the standard value of reference samples is 1 386℃and the expanded uncertainty is 12℃.