紫杉醇耐药卵巢癌细胞亚株的蛋白组学研究

目的: 建立卵巢癌细胞株与紫杉醇耐药卵巢癌细胞亚株的差异蛋白表达图谱,寻找对紫杉醇药物耐受的相关蛋白。方法: 以人卵巢浆液性囊腺癌细胞株(SKOV3)和对紫杉醇稳定耐药卵巢浆液性囊腺癌细胞亚株(SKOV3-TR30)为研究对象,应用双向电泳技术建立SKOV3与SKOV3-TR30的蛋白质差异表达图谱,并对图谱进行质谱分析。然后应用蛋白免疫印迹和免疫细胞化学方法对其中3个有差异的蛋白进行定量和定位检测。结果: (1)经过组内与组间3次重复,发现每次实验均有相似变化的差异点23个。其中与SKOV3细胞株相比,在SKOV3-TR30细胞株表达上调大于3倍的蛋白质点有16个(P<0.05),表达下调大于3倍的蛋白质点有7个(P<0.05)。(2)通过质谱分析和数据库搜索,其中7个蛋白点得到初步鉴定,分别为可溶性抗药性相关钙结合蛋白(Sorcin)、组织蛋白酶B前体(Cathepsin B)、调宁蛋白3、热休克蛋白27(HSP27)、波形纤维蛋白、尼克酰胺乙酰乙酸水解酶和血红蛋白β链。(3)蛋白免疫印迹结果显示,Sorcin、Cathepsin B及HSP27在SKOV3-TR30细胞中的表达显著高于SKOV3细胞株(P<0.05)。免疫细胞化学的结果表明,SKOV3及SKOV3-TR30均可检测到Sorcin、Cathepsin B及HSP27阳性表达的细胞,并且3个蛋白均分布在细胞浆内,以核周最为明显。结论: 低浓度紫杉醇诱导的上皮性卵巢癌耐药细胞亚株中存在细胞骨架相关信号转导分子表达上调,上调的细胞骨架相关信号转导分子在卵巢癌临床预示耐药与逆转耐药治疗中的作用值得进一步研究。     

不同种植方式下烤烟根系差异表达蛋白质分析

通过根系差异蛋白质组学探讨了种植方式（复种连作、复种轮作）对烤烟生长的影响。结果表明,共有15个蛋白质表达丰度发生变化,用LC-MS/MS鉴定了14个差异蛋白质点,经生物信息学分析,11个蛋白质的功能有注释,其中3个属于与香气形成有关的蛋白质,包括转酮醇酶、单脱氢抗坏血还原酶和O-甲基转移酶,它们在复种轮作条件下均上调表达,此可能有助于烟叶品质提高,而复种连作处理下调表达,可能不利于品质提高。还鉴定到涉及能量、抗性、物质运输、核酸等功能的蛋白：磷酸甘油酸酯激酶、线粒体内膜移位酶亚基Tim13、NBS-LRR、DnaJ、细胞内囊泡运输蛋白Sly1、核糖体蛋白质,在复种轮作下也上调表达,此可能促进烤烟的生长,有利于提高烟草产量和品质且经济效益较好。而在复种连作处理下调表达,进而可能使得烟草生长变弱、产量降低、品质变差。     

真菌的蛋白质组学研究——方法与进展

蛋白质组学分析作为对生物体代谢调控分析非常有效的技术手段,在近年来被广泛应用在微生物代谢调控研究中。真菌是与人们生产、生活密切相关的一类非常重要的微生物,弄清其代谢调控机制,可为日后的生产应用奠定理论基础。本文就近年来应用在真菌蛋白质组学上的研究方法以及研究进展作一综述。     

Tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomics analysis reveals the effects of the α-lactalbumin peptides GINY and DQW on lipid deposition and oxidative stress in HepG2 cells

The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism by which the α-lactalbumin peptides Gly-Ile-Asn-Tyr (GINY) and Asp-Gln-Trp (DQW) ameliorate free fatty acid–induced lipid deposition in HepG2 cells. The results show that GINY and DQW reduced triglyceride, total cholesterol, and free fatty acid levels significantly in free fatty acid–treated HepG2 cells. Based on proteomic analysis, GINY and DQW alleviated lipid deposition and oxidative stress mainly through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pathway, fatty acid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and response to oxidative stress. In vitro experiments confirmed that GINY and DQW upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of fatty acid β-oxidation–related and oxidative stress–related genes, and downregulated the mRNA and protein expression of lipogenesis-related genes by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα). Meanwhile, GINY and DQW reduced free fatty acid–induced lipid droplet accumulation and reactive oxygen species generation, and enhanced the mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP levels. Furthermore, GINY and DQW enhanced carnitine palmitoyl-transferase 1a (CPT-1a) and superoxide dismutase activities, and diminished acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase 1 (ACC1) and fatty acid synthase (FASN) activities in a PPARα-dependent manner. Interestingly, GW6471 (a PPARα inhibitor) weakened the effects of GINY and DQW on the PPARα pathway. Hence, our findings suggest that GINY and DQW have the potential to alleviate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by activating the PPARα pathway.     

Proteomic Analysis Reveals Differential Expression Profiles in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Cell Lines

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, irreversible lung disorder of unknown cause. This disease is characterized by profibrotic activation of resident pulmonary fibroblasts resulting in aberrant deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. However, although much is known about the pathophysiology of IPF, the cellular and molecular processes that occur and allow aberrant fibroblast activation remain an unmet need. To explore the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) associated with aberrant activation of these fibroblasts, we used the IPF lung fibroblast cell lines LL97A (IPF-1) and LL29 (IPF-2), compared to the normal lung fibroblast cell line CCD19Lu (NL-1). Protein samples were quantified and identified using a label-free quantitative proteomic analysis approach by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). DEPs were identified after pairwise comparison, including all experimental groups. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Protein–Protein Interaction (PPI) network construction were used to interpret the proteomic data. Eighty proteins expressed exclusively in the IPF-1 and IPF-2 clusters were identified. In addition, 19 proteins were identified up-regulated in IPF-1 and 10 in IPF-2; 10 proteins were down-regulated in IPF-1 and 2 in IPF-2 when compared to the NL-1 proteome. Using the search tool for retrieval of interacting genes/proteins (STRING) software, a PPI network was constructed between the DEPs and the 80 proteins expressed exclusively in the IPF-2 and IPF-1 clusters, containing 115 nodes and 136 edges. The 10 hub proteins present in the IPP network were identified using the CytoHubba plugin of the Cytoscape software. GO and KEGG pathway analyses showed that the hub proteins were mainly related to cell adhesion, integrin binding, and hematopoietic cell lineage. Our results provide relevant information on DEPs present in IPF lung fibroblast cell lines when compared to the normal lung fibroblast cell line that could play a key role during IPF pathogenesis.     

Brain Proteome and Behavioural Analysis in Wild Type,BDNF+/− and BDNF−/− Adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Exposed to Two Different Temperatures

Experimental evidence suggests that environmental stress conditions can alter the expression of BDNF and that the expression of this neurotrophin influences behavioural responses in mammalian models. It has been recently demonstrated that exposure to 34 °C for 21 days alters the brain proteome and behaviour in zebrafish. The aim of this work was to investigate the role of BDNF in the nervous system of adult zebrafish under control and heat treatment conditions. For this purpose, zebrafish from three different genotypes (wild type, heterozygous BDNF^+/− and knock out BDNF^−/−) were kept for 21 days at 26 °C or 34 °C and then euthanized for brain molecular analyses or subjected to behavioural tests (Y-maze test, novel tank test, light and dark test, social preference test, mirror biting test) for assessing behavioural aspects such as boldness, anxiety, social preference, aggressive behaviour, interest for the novel environment and exploration. qRT-PCR analysis showed the reduction of gene expression of BDNF and its receptors after heat treatment in wild type zebrafish. Moreover, proteomic analysis and behavioural tests showed genotype- and temperature-dependent effects on brain proteome and behavioural responding. Overall, the absent expression of BDNF in KO alters (1) the brain proteome by reducing the expression of proteins involved in synapse functioning and neurotransmitter-mediated transduction; (2) the behaviour, which can be interpreted as bolder and less anxious and (3) the cellular and behavioural response to thermal treatment.     

Combined Proteomic and Metabolomic Analysis of the Molecular Mechanism Underlying the Response to Salt Stress during Seed Germination in Barley

Salt stress is a major abiotic stress factor affecting crop production, and understanding of the response mechanisms of seed germination to salt stress can help to improve crop tolerance and yield. The differences in regulatory pathways during germination in different salt-tolerant barley seeds are not clear. Therefore, this study investigated the responses of different salt-tolerant barley seeds during germination to salt stress at the proteomic and metabolic levels. To do so, the proteomics and metabolomics of two barley seeds with different salt tolerances were comprehensively examined. Through comparative proteomic analysis, 778 differentially expressed proteins were identified, of which 335 were upregulated and 443 were downregulated. These proteins, were mainly involved in signal transduction, propanoate metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant hormones and cell wall stress. In addition, a total of 187 salt-regulated metabolites were identified in this research, which were mainly related to ABC transporters, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and lipid metabolism; 72 were increased and 112 were decreased. Compared with salt-sensitive materials, salt-tolerant materials responded more positively to salt stress at the protein and metabolic levels. Taken together, these results suggest that salt-tolerant germplasm may enhance resilience by repairing intracellular structures, promoting lipid metabolism and increasing osmotic metabolites. These data not only provide new ideas for how seeds respond to salt stress but also provide new directions for studying the molecular mechanisms and the metabolic homeostasis of seeds in the early stages of germination under abiotic stresses.