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21.
The effect of pressure on combustion and heat transfer is analyzed. The research is based on the basic combustion and heat
transfer theorem. A correction for the heat calculation method for pressurized furnace is made on the basis of the normal
pressure case. The correction takes the effect of pressurizing into account. The results show that the correction is reasonable
and the method is applicable to combustion and heat transfer of the marine supercharged boiler. 相似文献
22.
A study of the trace elements emission (As, Se, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Zn, Hg, Tl, Pb, Ni, Sn, Sb, V, Mn and Fe) from pulverized coal combustion has been made at six heating and power stations situated in the Czech Republic. The amount of chlorine in coal has considerable influence on volatilization of some elements such as Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg and Tl, which is explained by the formation of thermodynamically stable compounds of these elements with chlorine. Generally, the affinities for Cl follows the order Tl > Cu > Zn > Pb > Co > Mn > Sn > Hg. The experimental data indicates enrichment of some of the trace toxic elements in the emissions (Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, Sn, Sb, Hg and Pb) and good agreement was obtained by thermodynamic equilibrium calculations with a few exceptions. In the case of Fe, Mn, Co, Cr and Sn calculated values are overestimated in the bottom ash and there are zero predicted amounts of these elements in the fly ash. In comparison, the results from experiments show up to 80% of these elements retained in fly ash. This implies that there exist additional steps leading to the enrichment by Fe, Mn, Co, Cr and Sn of small particles. Such mechanisms could include the ejection during devolatilization of small inorganic particles from the coal of bottom ash particles, or disintegration of the char containing these metals to small particles of fly ash. On the other hand, there are slightly overestimated or similar values of relative enrichment factors for As, V, Cu, Cd, Sb, Tl and Pb in the fly ashes and zero predicted values for bottom ashes. Our experimental results show about 5% or less of these elements are retained in bottom ashes, so they probably remain in the bottom ash inside unburned parts of coal. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
23.
Here, we describe the development of a reacting flow multi-species/combustion methodology, implemented as an extension to the differential reduced ejector analysis (DREA) computer program [Mathematical and computer modeling, vol. 31, 2000, p. 21; Appl. Math. Model. 25 (2001) 427; Comput. Math. Appl. 43(10–11); NASA Contractor Report, 1998]. Use of the single fluid IVP solver framework that was developed for the original DREA model has been directly coupled into the combustion formulation. With these modifications, the analysis has an elementary single step reaction Fuel+Oxidizer→Product combustion capability. Though approximate in nature, the simplicity and efficiency of the DREA formulation make it suitable for its original niche, namely design and preliminary design environments where more complex and expensive models may be inappropriate. 相似文献
24.
燃烧及其控制技术是各种火焰炉技术核心,强调高水平燃烧系统应对燃烧全过程进行控制,着重对燃烧系统点火、火焰监测、空燃比比例调节、燃烧过程各参数监控、炉温自动控制等各个方面内容进行了讨论介绍,最后用某天然气加热炉燃烧系统原理图及应用效果进行实例说明。 相似文献
25.
Yuanjing Zheng Anker Degn Jensen Jan Erik Johnsson 《Applied catalysis. B, Environmental》2005,60(3-4):253-264
The deactivation of a commercial type V2O5-WO3-TiO2 monolith catalyst under biomass combustion was studied at a full-scale grate-fired power plant burning straw/wood using a slip stream pilot scale reactor. The aerosols in the flue gas consisted of a mixture of potassium chloride and sulphate. Three catalyst elements were exposed at 350 °C, and one element was exposed at 250 °C for comparison. The catalyst activity was measured in the reactor at the exposure temperature by addition of NH3 and extra NO. The activity, in terms of a first-order rate constant, dropped by 52% after about 1140 h indicating a very fast deactivation compared to coal firing. It was also found that the reactor temperature was not of importance for the deactivation rate. SEM-EDX analysis showed that particle deposition and pore blocking contributed to the deactivation by decreasing the diffusion rate of NO and NH3 into the catalyst. However, potassium also penetrated into the catalyst wall and the resulting average K/V ratio in the catalyst structure was high enough (about 0.3–0.5) for a significant chemical deactivation. Chemisorption studies carried out in situ showed that the amount of chemisorbed NH3 on the catalyst decreased as a function of exposure time, which reveals that Brøndsted acid sites had reacted with potassium compounds and thereby rendered inactive. When washed by 0.5 M H2SO4 the regenerated catalyst regains a higher activity than that of the fresh catalyst at temperatures higher than 300 °C, but even though reactivation is possible, the deactivation rate appears too high for practical use of the SCR process in straw combustion. 相似文献
26.
现代汽车活塞制造技术总论 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文针对现代汽车活塞的生产技术特点,综述了制造技术及其装备的主要课题,重点分析介绍非圆裙面加工、异型销孔精镗、工艺基准的关键作用,变形对加工精度的影响,检测技术配套及全面提高铸件质量等关键问题的国内外发展动向。 相似文献
27.
火烧油层技术在庙5块低渗透稠油油藏中的应用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
方法在物理模拟的基础上,利用数值模拟及油藏工程方法,对影响火烧油层的技术参数进行了优选研究,并对影响火驱成败的油藏地质参数、注气参数进行了分析。目的寻找适合庙5块低渗透稠油油藏的开采方法。结果提出了庙5块火驱的最佳开采方式、点火参数及注气参数;庙5块火驱生产后,平均单井日产液由01t上升到56t,平均单井日产油由01t上升到35t,生产26d后由于压风机供风不足被迫停止火驱注气;从数模结果看:火驱最终采收率可达398%。结论火烧油层是一种潜力很大的稠油开采方法,但其物理、化学反应机理复杂,火烧前缘难以控制;庙5块火驱初期虽然见到了一定的生产效果,但没有取得经济效益 相似文献
28.
Li Yonghua Wang Chunbo Chen Hongwei 《Frontiers of Energy and Power Engineering in China》2007,1(1):96-100
Power plants in China have to burn blended coal instead of one specific coal for a variety of reasons. So it is of great necessity
to investigate the combustion of blended coals. Using a test rig with a capacity of 640 MJ/h with an absolute milling system
and flue gas online analysis system, characteristics such as burnout, slag, and pollution of some blended coals were investigated.
The ratio of coke and slag as a method of distinguishing coal slagging characteristic was introduced. The results show that
the blending of coal has some effect on NO
x
but there is no obvious rule. SO
x
emission can be reduced by blending low sulfur coal.
Translated from Proceedings of the CSEE, 2005, 25(18): 97–103 [译自: 中国电机工程学报] 相似文献
29.
30.
Jae-Ou CHAE Young-Jun JEONG V. M. SHMELEV A. A. DENICAEV V.M. POUTCHKOV V. RAVI 《等离子体科学和技术》2006,8(4):443-446
A plasma discharge initiation system for the explosive volumetric combustion charge was designed, investigated and developed for practical application. Laboratory scale experiments were carried out before conducting the large scale field tests. The resultant explosions gave rise to less noise, insignificant seismic vibrations and good specific explosive consumption for rock blasting. Importantly, the technique was found to be safe and environmentally friendly. 相似文献