An automatic parameter calibration method for the SWAT model in runoff simulation

Runoff simulation is highly significant for hydrological monitoring, flood peak simulation, water resource management, and basin protection. Runoff simulation by distributed hydrological models, such as the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model which is the most widely used, is becoming a hotspot for hydrological forecasting research. However, parameter calibration is inefficient and inaccurate for the SWAT model. An automatic parameter calibration (APC) method of the SWAT model was developed by hybrid of the genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). Multi‐station and multi‐period runoff simulation and accuracy analysis were conducted in the basin of the Zhangjiang River on the basis of this hybrid algorithm. For example, in the Yaoxiaba Station, the calibration results produced an R² of 0.87 and Nash Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) index of 0.85, while verification results revealed an R² of 0.83 and NSE of 0.83. Results of this study show that the proposed method can effectively improve the efficiency and simulation accuracy of the model parameters. It can be concluded that the feasibility and applicability of GA‐PSO as an APC method for the SWAT model were confirmed via case studies. The proposed method can provide theoretical guidance for many hydrological research fields, such as hydrological simulation, flood prevention, and forecasting.     

Carrier leakage and I/Q mismatch calibrated technique

The carrier leakage and I/Q mismatch calibrated technique based on the digital baseband for the direct conversion transmitter is described. The proposed technique only needs a calibration chain to detect mismatches, and then transmits them to the digital baseband, which completes the calibrated task. The proposed method is very simple in reducing die areas and power dissipation. Under TSMC 013μm CMOS technology simulation, the calibrated error of carrier leakage is less than 15％ and the error of I/Q mismatch is less than 65％．The measurement results indicate that I/Q amplitude mismatch is reflected at twice the input frequency. The calibrated chain gain range is 15dB with a 5dB step, and the bandwidth is 20MHz.     

某机载雷达发射校正系统的EMC设计

因受载机平台内电子设备电磁干扰的影响,某机载雷达发射校正时存在通道相位漂移的现象,表现为同一通道相位多次测量偏差超过正常幅度值.在阐述发射校正系统工作原理的基础上,深入分析干扰的来源和机理,提出了综合运用屏蔽、接地、滤波等措施解决电磁兼容问题的具体方法,实现了雷达发射校正系统的可靠工作,为该类工程设计提供了参考.     

影响摄像机标定的摄像机模型研究

文章讨论了摄像机模型中各种参数因子对标定结果的影响,评价了采用仿真数据模拟方式对参数的精度影响.     

多种测井曲线校正方法在塔中顺9井区的应用

针对顺9井区柯坪塔格组声波时差和密度曲线失真严重的问题。首先建立了工区的区域岩石物理模板判断测井曲线的失真段,然后使用了经验公式法、多元线性拟合法和岩石物理建模法对声波时差和密度曲线进行了校正。对比发现,经验公式法和多元线性拟合法适用于井眼垮塌较小的井段,而岩石物理建模更适用于井眼垮塌较严重的井段。最后利用区域岩石物理模板和合成地震记录标定约束并检验了曲线校正的结果。结果表明这三种曲线校正方法在顺9井区的应用是有效的、可行的。     

舰载光电经纬仪方位基准标校方法

光电经纬仪工作前,要对经纬仪的方位测量基准进行标校,安装在陆地的经纬仪通常以正北作为方位测量基准。而舰载光电经纬仪的方位测量基准是舰载的艏艉线方向。专业的测量舰船设有独立的用于光电经纬仪的标校系统,普通的测量舰船没有设置单独的标校系统,只设有指示舰船艏艉线的平面基准镜,平面基准镜的法线方向即是舰船艏艉线方向。为了将舰船艏艉线平面基准镜的法线方向通过光路折转的方法转到光电经纬仪的光学主系统视轴上,设计一种方位基准标校装置。该标校装置由两个自准经纬仪和两个折转光管及辅助固定支架组成。标校时可在测量舰船上临时安装,标校工作结束后即可拆除,安装、拆除工作简单易行。折转光管的结构简单,便于保管运输。     

Simplified and efficient calibration of a mechanistic cutting force model for ball-end milling

Accurate evaluation of the empirical coefficients of a mechanistic cutting force model is critical to the reliability of the predicted cutting forces. This paper presents a simplified and efficient method to determine the cutting force coefficients of a ball-end milling model. The unique feature of this new method is that only a single half-slot cut is to be performed to calibrate the empirical force coefficients that are valid over a wide range of cutting conditions. The instantaneous cutting forces are used with the established helical cutting edge profile on the ball-end mill. The half-slot calibration cut enables successive determination of the lumped discrete values of the varying cutting mechanics parameters along the cutter axis whereas the size effect parameters are determined from the known variation of undeformed chip thickness with cutter rotation. The effectiveness of the present method in determining the cutting force coefficients has been demonstrated experimentally with a series of verification test cuts.     

基于模拟退火算法的工件位置标定

从实用的角度分析了焊接工件的定位问题，提出了在机器人焊接条件下，基于模拟退火算法的工件位置标定算法。标定时，不需要增加其它的辅助设备，利用机器人示教功能获得少数参考点(大于或等于3点)的坐标，然后用模拟退火算法求出从工件模型到实际工件的位置变换矩阵。算法是通用的且具有较高的精度，标定算法的计算误差小于0．02mm。示教误差对工件位置标定有一定的影响，但是，示教误差会在一定程度上互相抵消，使得工件位置标定误差较小，通常小于0．5mm，极端情况下，标定误差小于0．9mm，可以满足焊接工艺的要求。如果焊接工件的位置标定是在路径规划之前进行的，规划时用到的位姿数据是对应真实世界中的数据，则路径规划的结果可以直接用于下载到机器人控制柜运行。     

Calibration system based on a laser interferometer for kinematic accuracy assessment on machine tools

This paper deals with a method for the dynamic calibration of the kinematic accuracy of lathes and thread grinding machines in screw-cutting mode but free of load. It utilizes a precision polygon mounted on the spindle, in conjunction with a trigger device to generate angular pulses. A laser interferometer system assesses the longitudinal position of the saddle with respect to a cube-corner affixed on the chuck. As the spindle rotates, a string of pulses is generated by the angular trigger device. These pulses are used for triggering the laser interferometer. A software package has been elaborated to enable on-the-fly data acquisition and to display the kinematic errors in graphical form. The components of the kinematic error considered are the progressive pitch error, the cyclic error and spindle-free float. Application of this kinematic error calibrator on a universal and a CNC lathe has been carried out. Test results are presented and commented.     

机器人视觉伺服综述

介绍了机器人视觉伺服系统的概念及历史背景,系统介绍了视觉伺服系统的分类方法,重点论述了基于位置和基于图像的视觉伺服系统.对摄像机校正进行了介绍,并详细阐述了智能算法在机器人视觉伺服系统中的应用.最后,对机器人视觉前沿问题做了概括,并指出机器人视觉伺服系统的发展方向.