锆-钛-钢复合板界面损伤机理及表面耐腐蚀性能

运用内聚力模型研究了锆-钛-钢复合板在粘结试验中的界面损伤过程,并利用扫描电子显微镜分析了界面断裂机理。运用正交试验研究了不同热处理工艺条件下的表面耐腐蚀性能,分析了保温温度、保温时间和升降温速率对粘结性能的影响。结果表明,I型裂纹加载下,界面损伤由内壁处开始,并逐渐发展至整个界面。界面整体属于脆性断裂,而波峰与波谷的过渡斜面则为混合断裂。腐蚀试验的塔菲尔极化曲线研究结果表明,锆覆层在HCl溶液中以点腐蚀为主,而在HAc溶液中以均匀腐蚀为主。爆炸焊接后,锆复合板的耐点腐蚀性能低于纯锆材料,并且保温温度越高,保温时间越长,耐腐蚀性能下降越明显。     

0Cr16Ni5Mo1马氏体不锈钢的连续冷却相变动力学

采用显微组织表征和硬度测试研究了0Cr16Ni5Mo1马氏体不锈钢连续冷却转变动力学和显微组织演化规律。结果表明:0Cr16Ni5Mo1马氏体不锈钢在1100 ℃×60 min奥氏体化条件下,以0.5~100 ℃/s的速度冷却时仅发生马氏体转变,马氏体相变的开始温度(Ms)约为212 ℃,结束温度(Mf)约为25.3 ℃,组织均为板条马氏体,硬度约为371 HV。冷却速率的变化对相变温度、室温组织和硬度无显著影响。采用K-M方程描述马氏体相变过程,其相变动力学参数α约为0.0317。     

New Insights into the Decisional Use of Process Capability Indices via Hypothesis Testing

Process capability indices C_p, C_pk, and C_pm are still nowadays widely used in industry—thanks to their easy formulation and implementation. This paper aims to give new mathematical insights in order to support their use in decision‐making via hypothesis testing. The minimum sample size usually needed in the applications to achieve fixed significance level and power is reported in light of the new mathematical aspects for C_pk and C_pm, which avoid misleading conclusions and the use of extensive numerical experiments. In addition, power curves for C_pk and C_pm, which have not previously appeared in the literature before, are also presented. Lastly, easy‐to‐follow diagrams for hypothesis testing with C_pk and C_pm and two critical scenarios for C_pm are included in the paper to facilitate the applicative use and the comprehension of the novel inferential aspects. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Drawing in Time: Processes of Design and Fabrication

Drawing embeds time within itself, notating changes in space and duration. For Babak Bryan and Henry Grosman , founding partners of BanG studio in Long Island City, New York: ‘The drawing is a result of process, but it also describes process.’ It is only through this temporal practice that an essential connection is developed between drawing and building. With the widespread adoption of building information modelling (BIM), linear graphic representation finds itself in crisis, challenged by the static inertia of the model. As Bryan and Grosman describe, the well-crafted drawing remains essential to their studio's approach informing the method of ‘making and remaking’.     

基于局部二值模式和四元数的行人检测

局部二值模式(LBP)特征具有光照不变性、旋转不变性及计算简单等特性,能有效表示行人特征,广泛应用于行人检测。LBP 特征的提取方法通常基于灰度图像,如果用于彩色图像,则没有充分考虑各通道之间的相关性,不能保证行人检测的准确性。为此,我们对彩色图像的红、绿、蓝三通道的LBP 特征,以四元数的形式表示,利用四元数的性质,提出一种P-LBP特征,再利用k-最近邻算法训练分类器。该方法在INRIA 数据集上进行实验,与HOG、S-LBP、F-LBP、HOG-LBP特征进行比较,具有更好的效果。     

特种物品储运记录仪的设计与研究

特殊物品储运记录仪是能够对车辆行驶速度、路线进行记录存储,并通过惯性器件自主导航的智能装置。以往的储运设备只能粗略记录物品受冲击力的状况,针对这一问题,提出一种基于惯性导航系统的储运记录仪。实验结果表明,设计的基于MEMS器件的捷联式惯性导航系统能够输出满足要求的载体瞬时速度、加速度、姿态、位置等,可以明显加强危险品、敏感材料的运输监控力度。     

锈蚀槽钢梁荷载-挠度关系研究

对锈蚀槽钢梁荷载-挠度关系曲线进行研究。试验研究表明:试件剪跨比和高跨比对锈蚀槽钢梁的荷载-挠度关系曲线有较大影响。锈蚀槽钢梁的荷载-挠度关系曲线可以分为2个阶段:第一阶段为弹性段,其斜率与剪跨比有关;第二阶段为屈服强化段,其斜率与第一阶段基本呈线性关系。在试验研究基础上,提出锈蚀槽钢梁承载力和挠度的计算方法,建立槽钢梁荷载-挠度关系曲线计算模型。该模型形式简单,便于工程实际应用。     

Performance-based seismic fragility analysis of retaining walls based on the probability density evolution method

Seismic fragility analysis is an efficient way to study the seismic behaviour and performance of structures under the excitation of earthquakes of varying intensity, and an essential part of the seismic risk assessment of structures. A recently developed dynamic reliability methodology, the probability density evolution method (PDEM), is proposed for the dynamic reliability and seismic fragility analysis of a retaining wall. The PDEM can obtain an instantaneous probability density function of the seismic responses and easily acquire the seismic reliability of the structural system. An important advantage of the PDEM is its high efficiency relative to that of the Monte Carlo simulation method, which is often used in the reliability and fragility analysis of structures. The present study uses a typical gravity retaining wall to illustrate stochastic seismic responses and fragility curves that can be obtained by the PDEM. The combined uncertainties of the seismic force and soil properties are explicitly and systematically modelled by stochastic ground motions and random variables respectively. The performance of the retaining wall is analysed for different acceptable levels of backfill settlement. Additionally, seismic fragility curves are constructed without assuming the distribution of the seismic response.     

圆钢管钢纤维活性粉末混凝土短柱轴压性能试验研究

为研究圆钢管钢纤维活性粉末混凝土（RPC）短柱的轴压性能,完成了7根外径219~273mm的圆钢管钢纤维RPC短柱轴压性能试验,分析了套箍系数、径厚比对轴压试件荷载-应变曲线和破坏特征的影响。结果表明：套箍系数ξ在0.63~0.88时,荷载-位移曲线在峰值荷载后出现下降段,短柱呈现剪切破坏模式;当ξ≥1时,在到达峰值荷载后,荷载下降幅度明显减小或出现回升趋势,短柱呈现腰鼓形破坏模式。在达到峰值荷载的85%之前,试件处于弹性阶段,钢管纵向应变大于横向应变;弹塑性阶段,钢管横向应变增加较快,其横向变形系数超过钢管的泊松比并逐渐增大,钢管对RPC的约束作用不断增强。随着混凝土抗压强度提高,其横向变形系数减小,钢管对核心区RPC约束效果降低。