输入物面上的位相型元件的用途及其制作

阐述与输入物面密贴的位相型光学元件;条形散斑屏,随机相移器和位相光栅在光学全息及信息处理中的重要应用。分析了三类元件在应用和制作 中的共性问题及各自特点;针对这类银盐板遇光后黑化失效的弊病提出了避免的方法与工艺之改进。     

边失效概率不同情况下网络全终端可靠度的近似计算

用可靠性多项式计算网络全终端可靠度是评估网络拓扑结构德定程度的重要依据,精确计算可靠性多项式是一个NP-hard问题.本文通过对基于产生孤立点的概率随机事件的定义,运用概率不等式变换,给出了点可靠、边以不同的概率相互独立失效时,网络全终端可靠度的上界表达式,在可靠度近似计算过程中避免了对网络边割集和路集的搜索.最后,在...     

Reversible Disorder in a Room Temperature Ferromagnet

Random magnetic fields, varying from site to site in a magnetic material, are a form of disorder that can determine the local architecture and stability of the magnetic state. In a ferromagnet, the application of an external magnetic field can amplify the effects of the internal random fields and, in principle, harden a magnetic domain, without changing temperature and only for as long as the external field is present. Here, the rare‐earth compound Nd₂Fe₁₄B, formed with a granular morphology of random‐packed, elongated grains, is an experimental realization of the Random Field Ising Model in a room temperature ferromagnet. The application of magnetic fields transverse to the easy axis tunes the coupling between the structural disorder and the magnetic pinning properties. This material both illuminates the intricacies of tunable disorder and serves as a guidepost along the way to developing increased‐density magnetic storage media.     

直升机攻击条件下装甲目标伪装效能评估模型研究

利用马尔可夫决策理论,分析坦克与直升机在采取有效伪装与未采取伪装两种情况下的对抗过程并建立效果评估模型,最后得出作战兑换比公式,使伪装效能评估有数量概念,为进一步研究伪装效能评估奠定基础.采用建立的模型,可以定量评价伪装在坦克与直升机对抗过程中的作用,也可以定量地评估其他类似条件下的伪装效能.     

相干反馈无序激光器循环光散射探讨

Cao提出了相干反馈无序激光是由循环光散射(即多重散射形成回路)而产生的观点,但未指出不同数目的散射粒子构成的回路可能激射的相对几率.为了便于分析,对ZnO散射粒子提出了立方体、单面镜的简化模型.针对染料溶液中加入纳米ZnO粒子构成的相干反馈无序激光器以及ZnO粉末薄膜相干反馈无序激光器,通过对实验数据进行分析和计算,证明了二粒子回路比三粒子回路更容易激射,粒子越多的回路越难激射.实验支持了这一观点.     

GaN基p-i-n器件振动噪声研究

振动环境中,GaN基p-i-n器件的噪声会急剧增加,这限制了器件的探测能力。利用力锤和振动台分别模拟冲击振动和随机振动环境,研究了器件噪声在不同振动条件下的变化规律。实验结果表明,在冲击振动中,器件噪声呈现出周期特性,但噪声幅度随着时间减小。器件噪声主要的频率成分为429Hz,此频率下的器件噪声与激励力的大小、振动加速度的幅度成线性关系。随机振动的实验结果也表明,振动环境中测量到的噪声随着随机振动功率谱密度的增大而线性增加。     

Spread spectrum in three-phase inverter by an optimised dual randomised PWM technique

Randomised pulse width modulation (RPWM) technique has become a viable alternative to deterministic pulse width modulation (DPWM). By spreading the power spectrum in a continuous noise, this new technique better complies with electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements for conducted electromagnetic interferences (EMI) and allows reducing the emitted acoustic noise in variable speed drives (VSDs). The most popular RPWM schemes are randomised pulse position modulation (RPPM) and randomised carrier frequency modulation (RCFM). The combination (RCFM-RPPM) or dual RPWM (DRPWM) has also been proposed. In this article, we propose an optimised DRPWM (ODRPWM) for the three-phase inverter. First, the modulating principle is proposed, and then, a mathematical model of power spectral density (PSD) of the output voltage is developed and validated for the three schemes, namely RPPM, RCFM and RCFM-RPPM. PSD analysis shows that the proposed scheme is more effective on spreading PSD. Moreover, this analysis reveals optimal parameters of randomisation for a maximum spread of the PSD. The optimisation problem is then modelled and solved using two powerful non-linear methods.     

A Kernel PCA Shape Prior and Edge Based MRF Image Segmentation

We introduce both shape prior and edge information to Markov random field (MRF) to segment target of interest in images.Kernel Principal component analysis (PCA) is performed on a set of training shapes to obtain statistical shape representation.Edges are extracted directly from images.Both of them are added to the MRF energy function and the integrated energy function is minimized by graph cuts.An alignment procedure is presented to deal with variations between the target object and shape templates.Edge information makes the influence of inaccurate shape alignment not too severe,and brings result smoother.The experiments indicate that shape and edge play important roles for complete and robust foreground segmentation.     

基于随机森林的雷达信号脉内调制识别

针对雷达信号脉内调制识别算法存在着准确率低的问题,提出一种新的雷达脉内调制类型自动识别方法,该方法首先提取雷达信号时频图像的形状特征和纹理特征构成融合特征,然后将融合特征输入随机森林分类器,实现信号的分类识别.仿真实验中对8种常见的不同调制类型的雷达信号进行识别,提出的算法在信噪比为-2 dB时识别准确率可以达到90％以上,验证了该方法的有效性.     

Robust techniques for abandoned and removed object detection based on Markov random field

This paper presents a novel framework for detecting abandoned objects by introducing a fully-automatic GrabCut object segmentation. GrabCut seed initialization is treated as a background (BG) modelling problem that focuses only on unhanded objects and objects that become immobile. The BG distribution is constructed with dual Gaussian mixtures that are comprised of high and low learning rate models. We propose a primitive BG model-based removed object validation and Haar feature-based cascade classifier for still-people detection once a candidate for a released object has been detected. Our system can obtain more robust and accurate results for real environments based on evaluations of realistic scenes from CAVIAR, PETS2006, CDnet 2014, and our own datasets.