不同反应器中氧化反应与水蒸气气化反应协同作用差异性

在?80mm×3000mm气流床和?40mm×200mm流化床中进行了O₂、H₂O、H₂O+O₂气氛下800℃胜利褐煤气化实验，同时在流化床中进行了O₂、H₂O、H₂O+O₂气氛下半焦原位气化实验和H₂O气氛下半焦完全气化实验。比较了2种反应器中氧化反应与水蒸气气化反应协同作用的大小（强弱）；结合实验条件利用缩核模型分别推导了2种反应器中协同作用影响下水蒸气气化反应速率方程；同时，从传质（扩散）速率、动力学、半焦-挥发分相互作用3方面探讨了2种反应器中协同作用存在显著差异的原因。结果发现，气流床中H₂O+O₂气氛下褐煤转化率明显大于H₂O和O₂单独气氛下褐煤转化率之和，其差值稳定在2.11%～4.01%，而在流化床中差值仅为0～0.75%，相对流化床，气流床中协同作用更明显。这是由于，在流化床中水蒸气向炭粒表面扩散的传质速率约为气流床的11%～25%，水蒸气气化过程受气膜扩散控制，炭粒表面水蒸气全部参与气化反应，炭粒表面无“多余”水分子，氧气开孔/扩孔作用提供的活性位“闲置”，而气流床中气化反应为速控步，炭粒表面有“富裕”水分子，可充分利用氧气开孔/扩孔作用提供的活性位，促进作用显著；挥发分-半焦相互作用不是流化床反应器中协同作用不显著的原因。     

Learning location-invariant orthographic representations for printed words

Neural networks were trained with backpropagation to map location-specific letter identities (letters coded as a function of their position in a horizontal array) onto location-invariant lexical representations. Networks were trained on a corpus of 1179 real words, and on artificial lexica in which the importance of letter order was systematically manipulated. Networks were tested with two benchmark phenomena – transposed-letter priming and relative-position priming – thought to reflect flexible orthographic processing in skilled readers. Networks were shown to exhibit the desired priming effects, and the sizes of the effects were shown to depend on the relative importance of letter order information for performing location-invariant mapping. Presenting words at different locations was found to be critical for building flexible orthographic representations in these networks, since this flexibility was absent when stimulus location did not vary.     

电力载波技术在智能小区的应用

本文介绍利用低压电力线载波通信技术实现接宇自动抄表系统的结构与实现方法。     

Ultra‐selective epoxidation of styrene on pure Cu{111} and the effects of Cs promotion

Styrene undergoes efficient epoxidation to styrene epoxide on the Cu{111} surface. At the optimum condition (Θ_o = 0.03 ML) ∼20% of the styrene is converted to the epoxide with almost 100% selectivity. Comparison with Ag{111} shows that the epoxidation activity and selectivity of Cu greatly exceed those of Ag. Incipient oxidation of the Cu{111} surface does not suppress the adsorption of styrene, but the oxidised metal is catalytically inert. Submonolayer amounts of Cs enhance styrene uptake and increase conversion to the epoxide without adversely affecting epoxidation selectivity. This effect is due to inhibition of Cu oxidation by Cs. Our findings are discussed in the light of current understanding of Ag‐catalysed alkene epoxidation. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Electrochemical promotion of Rh catalyst in gas-phase reduction of NO by propylene

The concept of non-faradaic electrochemical modification of catalytic activity (NEMCA) has been applied for the in situ control of catalytic activity of a rhodium film deposited on YSZ (yttria stabilized zirconia) solid electrolyte towards reduction of 1000 ppm NO by 1000 ppm C₃H₆ in presence of excess (5000 ppm) O₂ at 300 °C. A temporary heating at this feed composition results in a long-lasting deactivation of the catalyst under open circuit conditions due to partial oxidation of the rhodium surface. Positive current application (5 A) over both the active and the deactivated catalysts gives rise to an enhancement of N₂ and CO₂ production, the latter exceeding several hundred times the faradaic rate. While active rhodium exhibits a reversible behaviour, electrochemical promotion on the deactivated catalyst is composed of a reversible and an irreversible part. The reversible promotion results from the steady-state accumulation of current-generated active species at the gas exposed catalyst surface whereas the irreversible effect is due to the progressive reduction of the catalyst resulting in an increased recovery rate of lost catalytic activity. The results are encouraging with respect to application of rhodium for the catalytic removal of NO from auto-exhaust gases under lean-burn conditions.     

稳定表达绿色荧光蛋白标记的人单纯疱疹病毒2型潜伏相关转录体ORF2融合蛋白的Vero细胞株的建立

目的建立稳定表达绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)标记的人单纯疱疹病毒2型(HSV-2)潜伏相关转录体(LAT)开放读码框2(ORF2)融合蛋白的Vero细胞株。方法构建重组真核表达质粒pEGFP-ORF2,经酶切及测序鉴定正确后,体外转染Vero细胞,经G418筛选稳定表达融合蛋白的克隆,扩大培养后,荧光显微镜观察EGFP的表达,RT-PCR检测目的基因的转录。结果重组真核表达质粒pEGFP-ORF2经酶切及测序鉴定构建正确,经G418培养20d筛选出的Vero细胞株荧光显微镜下可见融合蛋白表达,RT-PCR检测显示,转染了重组表达质粒的Vero细胞内有目的基因的表达。结论已成功建立了稳定表达EGFP-ORF2的Vero细胞株,为进一步研究HSV-2LATORF2的功能奠定了基础。     

Temperature programmed desorption of oxygen from Pd films interfaced with Y<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>-doped ZrO<Subscript>2</Subscript>

The origin of the effect of non-faradaic electrochemical modification of catalytic activity (NEMCA) or Electrochemical Promotion was investigated via temperature-programmed-desorption (TPD) of oxygen, from polycrystalline Pd films deposited on 8 mol%Y₂O₃–stabilized–ZrO₂ (YSZ), an O²⁻ conductor, under high-vacuum conditions and temperatures between 50 and 250 °C. Oxygen was adsorbed both via the gas phase and electrochemically, as O²⁻, via electrical current application between the Pd catalyst film and a Au counter electrode. Gaseous oxygen adsorption gives two adsorbed atomic oxygen species desorbing at about 300 °C (state β₁) and 340–500 °C (state β₂). The creation of the low temperature peak is favored at high exposure times (exposure >1 kL) and low adsorption temperatures (T_ads < 200 °C). The decrease of the open circuit potential (or catalyst work function) during the adsorption at high exposure times, indicates the formation of subsurface oxygen species which desorbs at higher temperatures (above 450 °C). The desorption peak of this subsurface oxygen is not clear due to the wide peaks of the TPD spectra. The TPD spectra after electrochemical O²⁻ pumping to the Pd catalyst film show two peaks (at 350 and 430 °C) corresponding to spillover O_ads and according to the reaction:

助磨剂在矿渣微细粉制备中的应用与研究

该文研究了几种助磨剂在矿渣微细粉制备中的应用,分析探讨了助磨剂的作用、机理、在使用中应注意的问题及其选择原则。研究结果表明,在矿渣微细粉的制备中引入适当的助磨剂能显著提高微细粉的比表面积、节约单位电耗、降低机械磨耗,而且还能改善微细粉的颗粒形态并使微细粉的粒度分布均匀。     

一种环保型电子汽车衡的研制与应用

生活垃圾计量工作,是垃圾处理的一个重要环节。建立准确、高效、环保的智能型称量系统,已成为国内各垃圾处理机构不断追求的目标。设计制造适应现代垃圾处理称量工艺要求的智能化环保型电子汽车衡称量系统,具有实际意义。垃圾处理站的现场空气污浊,环境恶劣,现有电子汽车衡技术不能满足现场使用要求,需设计新型环保型的称重衡器来满足现场使用条件。