Viscoelastic Behavior, Thermodynamic Compatibility, and Phase Equilibria in Block Copolymer-Based Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives

The viscoelastic behavior, thermodynamic compatibility, and phase equilibria in block copolymer-based pressure-sensitive adhesives were investigated. The block copolymers investigated were: (1) polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-polystyrene (SBS) copolymer (KRATON® D-1102, Shell Development Company) and (2) polystyrene-block-polyisoprene-block-polystyrene (SIS) copolymer (KRATON® D-1107, Shell Development Company). The tackifying resins investigated were: (1) WINGTACK® 86 (Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company) and (2) PICCOTAC® 95BHT (Hercules Inc.). Samples of various compositions were prepared by a solution-casting method with toluene as solvent. Measurements of dynamic storage modulus (G'), dynamic loss modulus (G'), and loss tangent (tan δ) were taken, using a Rheometrics Mechanical Spectrometer. It was found that: (1) both WINGTACK 86 and PICCOTAC 95BHT were equally effective in decreasing the plateau modulus (G^O_N), and increasing the glass transition temperature (T_g) of the polyisoprene midblock of KRATON 1107; and (2) WINGTACK 86 was very effective in decreasing the G^O_N and increasing the T_g of the polybutadiene midblock of KRATON 1102, whereas PICCOTAC 95BHT was not. The observed difference between WINGTACK 86 and PICCOTAC 95BHT in decreasing the G^O_N and increasing the T_g of the polybutadiene midblock of KRATON 1102, whereas PICCOTAC 95BHT was not. The observed difference between WINGTACK 86 and PICCOTAC 95BHT in decreasing the G^O_N and increasing the T_g of the polybutadiene midblock of KRATON 1102 (perhaps to SBS block copolymers in general) is explained by the values of the interaction parameter for WINGTACK 86 and KRATON 1102, and for PICCOTAC 95BHT and KRATON 1102. The interaction parameter was determined, using the piezoelectric quartz sorption method. Phase diagrams were constructed for the four block copolymer/tackifying resin systems investigated, using information obtained from both dynamic viscoelastic measurements and optical microscopy. It was found that when mixed with KRATON 1102, PICCOTAC 95BHT formed separate domains whereas WINGTACK 86 did not over the range of concentrations and temperatures investigated. This confirms the evidence obtained from two other independent experimental techniques, namely, dynamic viscoelastic measurements and the piezo-electric sorption method. We have concluded from the present study that PICCOTAC 95BHT is not as an effective tackifying resin as WINGTACK 86, when each is mixed with KRATON 1102. It is pointed out further that information on the order-disorder transition temperature T_r, which was determined from a rheological technique proposed by us, is valuable in determining optimal processing conditions for block copolymer-based pressure-sensitive adhesives.     

基体树脂对长玻璃纤维增强PP力学性能的影响

采用在线混合设备制备了长玻璃纤维(LGF)增强聚丙烯(PP)复合材料(LGF-PP),研究了基体性质及界面相容剂对LGF-PP力学性能的影响。基体树脂熔体流动速率的增加,使最终LGF-PP中的玻璃纤维长度从5.63 mm增至8.56 mm,提高了力学性能。与均聚PP比较,以共聚PP为基体树脂的LGF-PP冲击强度高出约10%,但其他性能略差。界面相容剂有利于增强玻璃纤维与PP的界面结合,拉伸强度和拉伸模量明显增加,但是冲击强度降低了20%～30%。     

Influence of activated carbon pore structure on oxygen reduction at catalyst layers supported on rotating disk electrodes

Carbon materials are often used as catalyst supports, and for catalysts in electrodes of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, carbon black has been used. Recently, it was found, however, that activated carbon could replace carbon black and besides, significantly improve the activity of the electrode catalyst layer for oxygen reduction. In the present study, to optimize the pore structure of activated carbon for further activity improvement, the influence of the pore structure on the activity was investigated using activated carbon of various specific surface areas and mean pore diameters. A catalyst layer was formed from activated carbon loaded with platinum and a polymer electrolyte. The activity of the layer was measured in an oxygen-saturated perchloric acid solution, supporting the layer on a rotating glassy carbon disk electrode. We found that increases in the specific surface area and mean pore diameter increased the activity and that the latter was more effective than the former mainly due to the enhanced mass-transfer in the pores; the catalyst layer formed from activated carbon with the largest mean pore diameter was the most active. Unless pores excessively develop and lose connections between particles, a large pore diameter is therefore desired for the fuel cell electrodes.     

Surface modification of ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene. II. Effect on the physicomechanical and tribological properties of ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene/poly(ethylene terephthalate) composites

We performed surface modification of ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) through chromic acid etching, with the aim of improving the performance of its composites with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers. In this article, we report on the morphology and physicomechanical and tribological properties of modified UHMWPE/PET composites. Composites containing chemically modified UHMWPE had higher impact properties than those based on unmodified UHMWPE because of improved interfacial bonding between the polymer matrix and the fibers and better dispersion of the fibers within the modified UHMWPE matrix. Chemical modification of UHMWPE before the introduction of PET fibers resulted in composites exhibiting improved wear resistance compared to the base material and compared to unmodified UHMWPE/PET composites. On the basis of the morphological studies of worn samples, microploughing and fatigue failure associated with microcracking were identified as the principle wear mechanisms. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006     

球磨时间对钛酸钡介电性能的影响

通过改变混料的秩序以及采用沉降、水煮损耗、温度特性、电导率和化学分析等测试手段，研究了制备钛酸钡的球磨工艺中球磨时间对钛酸钡粉体均匀性及钛酸钡介电性能的影响。研究结果表明：采用不同的球磨时间制得的钛酸钡性能差别较大，球磨时间达12小时时，能减少球磨引起的团聚，极大地改善了固相合成BaTiO3粉体均匀性，并最终提高了钛酸钡的介电性能。     

组分对发射盐物相、浸渍温度和稳定性的研究

311、411、612、2.4：0．6：1是常用的阴极钪酸盐（Ba：Ca：Al2摩尔比，分别添加微量Sc2O3）配比。相同工艺条件，4种配比钪酸盐的衍射峰区别不大；相同温度条件，2．4：0．6：1的阴极钪酸盐对纯钨基的浸渍度最高，达到99．34％；同时24：0．6：1的阴极钪酸盐在空气中的稳定性也是最好的。     

BaTiO3系PTC热敏电阻用施主加入物的研究

阐述了常用的施主加入物、施主加入量、影响施主加入量的主要因素及各施主加入物的特点。研究了常用的施主加入物的理化指标对ＰＴＣ热敏电阻性能的影响，并据此提出了其技术标准。     

低温固化双马来酰亚胶树脂基体研究──引发剂的作用

本文以典型的ＸＵ２９２双马体系作为研究对象，选用引发剂加速树脂的固化反应，以期得到低温固化耐热的双马树脂体系。研究结果表明，引发剂能很有效地降低双马树脂的固化温度，低温固化阶段比高温固化阶段对树脂耐热性的影响更大。经１２０℃／８ｈ＋１４０℃／２ｈ＋１６０℃／２ｈ固化树脂的热变形温度为２６６℃，再经１８０℃／８ｈ的后处理，热变形温度达到３００℃。     

单束纤维增强树脂基复合材料的热水老化性能研究

在96℃水中,对开芙拉29(Kevlar29),开芙拉49(Kevlar49)和聚苯撑苯并唑(PBO)纤维束增强的环氧树脂和双马树脂基复合材料进行老化实验后,再在60℃下进行干燥脱水处理。实验测定了吸水和脱水阶段的含水率及热水老化试样和干燥试样的弯曲性能。结果表明:在热水作用下,复合材料的弯曲强度和模量随热水老化时间的延长呈下降趋势,纤维与树脂基体间的界面发生破坏;再干燥脱水后,材料的弯曲强度和模量恢复,但仍低于未老化试样的性能,纤维与树脂基体间的界面破坏情况也类似。     

后掺粗骨料工艺对高性能泵送混凝土性能影响研究

为解决建筑工程中高性能泵送混凝土的环境问题、成本问题,基于粗骨料嵌锁效应和界面水灰比强度理论,在保证高性能和泵送要求的条件下,提出了后掺骨料工艺,并对不同粗骨料后掺比例下的混凝土进行了力学性能和抗冻性能的研究。结果表明,随着粗骨料后掺比例的增大,7 d、28 d混凝土抗压强度持续增大,而28 d混凝土劈裂抗拉强度和抗折强度均呈先增大后减小的趋势;在冻融循环作用下,质量损失率的上升速率呈先减小后增大的趋势,而抗压、抗拉、抗折强度、动弹性模量以及超声波速的下降速率均呈先减小后增大的趋势。据此建议本C30高性能泵送混凝土的粗骨料最佳后掺比例为20%。