液态发酵红曲黄色素粗提物色素组分的分离纯化与鉴定

采用高效液相色谱、质谱和核磁共振分析,对液态发酵红曲黄色素粗提物色素组分进行分离纯化和分子结构鉴定,确定其化学结构式。结果表明,红曲黄色素有2种主要色素成分,组分A和组分B,两者在分析型液相色谱上分离度达到2.51。进一步将分析型液相分离条件在制备型液相上进行放大并调整,收集得到组分A和组分B,纯度分别为98.95%和99.02%,达到标准品的纯度。通过质谱分析结合一维及二维核磁共振,确定组分A的相对分子质量为358,为红曲素(C₂₁H₂₆O₅),组分B的相对分子质量为332,为Monaphilone B(C₂₀H₂₈O₄),A和B的显色性能来自于其分子结构中的α,β-不饱和酮结构。     

菌根技术在赤泥堆场植被恢复中的应用前景

菌根是植物根系与土壤真菌形成的互惠共生体,对提高植物抗逆能力十分重要。赤泥是氧化铝生产中排出的高碱性尾矿,赤泥堆场对环境造成不良影响,植被恢复困难。讨论了菌根的作用及其在工矿破坏区土壤修复中的应用;论述了菌根技术在赤泥堆场植被恢复中的应用策略,认为通过广泛调查和进行菌株及适生植物筛选试验,可以将菌根技术应用于赤泥堆场的植被恢复。     

基于色素谱吸收原理的肝储备功能无创测量系统

肝病一直是我国高发疾病,肝储备功能是肝病诊治中重要的生理参数,医院传统方法采用采血比色法进行肝储备功能测量.利用吲哚氰绿ICG色素指示剂对805 nm波长光的吸光效应,患者注射ICG色素,分别采集0 min、5 min、10 min、15 min的血液样本,通过比色测量,绘制ICG浓度代谢曲线,测量肝储备功能.为了避免采血法对测量结果和病人的不良影响,提出基于色素谱吸收原理的无创肝储备功能测量系统的设计方案.实验证明,利用805 nm和940 nm敏感波长以及吲哚氰绿ICG色素吸光特性,能较好地实现无创肝储备功能测量.     

铈(Ⅲ)-刚果红-牛血清白蛋白体系共振线性和共振非线性散射光谱研究及应用

基于铈-刚果红-牛血清白蛋白(Ce(Ⅲ)-CGR-BSA)三元离子缔合物的形成,构建了一种新的检测痕量铈的共振线性及共振非线性散射光谱(RNLS)分析法。研究发现,在pH 7.6的NH₃-NH₄Cl缓冲溶液中,Ce(Ⅲ)能够与刚果红、牛血清白蛋白反应生成粒径更大、疏水性更强的三元离子缔合物,致使体系的共振瑞利散射(RRS)、二级散射(SOS)和倍频散射(FDS)强度迅速增加,其最大散射波长分别位于278、543和390 nm处。通过条件试验确定以0.6 mL pH 7.6的NH₃-NH₄Cl缓冲溶液作为反应介质,0.025 mg/mL刚果红溶液用量为1.8 mL,0.1 mg/mL 牛血清白蛋白溶液用量为1.0 mL,反应时间为5 min,且大量存在的常见离子对Ce(Ⅲ)的测定不产生干扰。进一步考察发现,在各自最大散射波长处,3种散射光强度的增强(ΔI_RRS,ΔI_SOS和ΔI_FDS)与Ce(Ⅲ)在2.0～10.0 μg/mL范围内有良好的线性关系,对Ce(Ⅲ)的检出限(3σ)分别为0.29 (RRS)、0.91 (SOS)和3.54 ng/mL(FDS)。同时,还对反应机理和散射光谱增强的原因进行了探讨。方法用于实际水样中铈的测定,相对标准偏差为0.94%~1.2%,测定值与原子吸收光谱法的结果相一致,加标回收率介于96%～102%之间。     

Light Spectral Composition Modifies Polyamine Metabolism in Young Wheat Plants

Although light-emitting diode (LED) technology has extended the research on targeted photomorphogenic, physiological, and biochemical responses in plants, there is not enough direct information about how light affects polyamine metabolism. In this study, the effect of three spectral compositions (referred to by their most typical characteristic: blue, red, and the combination of blue and red [pink] lights) on polyamine metabolism was compared to those obtained under white light conditions at the same light intensity. Although light quality induced pronounced differences in plant morphology, pigment contents, and the expression of polyamine metabolism-related genes, endogenous polyamine levels did not differ substantially. When exogenous polyamines were applied, their roborative effect were detected under all light conditions, but these beneficial changes were correlated with an increase in polyamine content and polyamine metabolism-related gene expression only under blue light. The effect of the polyamines on leaf gene expression under red light was the opposite, with a decreasing tendency. Results suggest that light quality may optimize plant growth through the adjustment of polyamine metabolism at the gene expression level. Polyamine treatments induced different strategies in fine-tuning of polyamine metabolism, which were induced for optimal plant growth and development under different spectral compositions.     

黑小麦麸皮色素结构分离及鉴定

本文以黑小麦麸皮为原料,通过大孔吸附树脂纯化浸提液,采用光谱分析对该色素进行初步鉴定,层析分离色素,HPLC鉴定。结果表明:黑小麦麸皮色素为水溶性花色苷类色素,至少含有三种花色苷。本研究结果可以为黑小麦麸皮色素的结构分离及深入分析奠定基础。      

干湿循环作用下泥质白云岩能量机制试验研究

为揭示红页岩破坏的力学特性和能量演化规律,通过电液伺服机对红页岩进行三轴压缩试验,研究不同干湿循环作用下红页岩试样峰值强度特征、力学特性和能量演化规律。结果表明：干湿循环次数对红页岩的抗压强度有显著的影响,并呈负相关关系;干湿循环作用会使岩样破坏阶段的脆性减弱,延性增强,降低其物理力学特性;对比干湿循环作用前后试样的变形特征曲线图,红页岩原试样的变形量大于干湿循环作用后的试样变形量,约为后者的1.7倍;红页岩破坏后,原试样的耗散能增长速率为干湿循环作用后试样的2.4倍,因为干湿循环作用会软化红页岩岩石内部结构,使其破坏时体积应变变化缓慢,从而导致耗散能相比于原试样增长较慢。

     

Optimization of the Alizarin Red S Assay by Enhancing Mineralization of Osteoblasts

The alizarin red S assay is considered the gold standard for quantification of osteoblast mineralization and is thus widely used among scientists. However, there are several restrictions to this method, e.g., moderate sensitivity makes it difficult to uncover slight but significant effects of potentially clinically relevant substances. Therefore, an adaptation of the staining method is appropriate and might be obtained by increasing the mineralization ability of osteoblasts. In this study, cell culture experiments with human (SaOs-2) and murine (MC3T3-E1) osteoblasts were performed under the addition of increasing concentrations of calcium chloride (1, 2.5, 5, and 10 mM) or calcitonin (1, 2.5, 5, and 10 nM). After three or four weeks, the mineralization matrix was stained with alizarin red S and the concentration was quantified photometrically. Only calcium chloride was able to significantly increase mineralization, and therefore enhanced the sensitivity of the alizarin red S staining in a dose-dependent manner in both osteoblastic cell lines as well as independent of the cell culture well surface area. This cost- and time-efficient optimization enables a more sensitive analysis of potentially clinically relevant substances in future bone research.     

山蓝红色素的微波提取工艺及抑菌活性

以植物山蓝为原料,采用水溶剂微波辅助提取红色素。通过单因素实验和正交实验优化提取工艺,并经过柱层析初步纯化红色素部分进行抑菌实验。结果表明:微波功率300 W,料液比1∶40（m/V）,提取温度60℃,提取时间9 min为山蓝红色素微波提取的最佳工艺条件,提取率为0.323%;提取得到的山蓝红色素对大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、白色念珠菌、金黄色葡萄球菌有抑制作用,最小抑菌浓度分别为500、400、700、500 mg·L^-1。      

响应面分析法优化枸杞皮渣中色素的超声波辅助提取工艺

以枸杞皮渣为研究对象,利用超声波提取,用色素提取率为衡量提取工艺的指标。在单因素实验的基础上,选取提取时间、提取温度、料液比（g/mL）、提取剂（乙醇）浓度为自变量,色素得率为响应值,利用Box-Behnken中心组合设计原理和响应面分析法,研究各自变量及其交互作用对得率的影响,模拟得到二次多项式回归方程的预测模型,在超声波功率为150W的条件下,确定最佳提取条件为乙醇浓度97%、提取温度67℃、料液比1∶32,提取时间37min。在此工艺条件下,色素得率为7.632%,与理论预测值7.861%相比,其相对误差约为2.91%。说明通过响应面优化后得出的方程具有一定的实践指导意义。