结合超混沌系统和Logistic映射的视频图像加密算法

对视频图像使用传统的单幅图像加密算法,容易出现算法耗时长、效率低等问题。为提高视频图像加密效率,通过使用细胞神经网络（CNN）超混沌系统和Logistic混沌映射,提出一种单帧逐一加密和多帧组合加密相结合的算法。根据视频帧使用SHA-256生成Logistic初值,经过Logistic映射迭代得到Logistic混沌序列,利用生成的混沌序列对视频帧逐帧扩散。将视频帧以二进制的形式组合成一个矩阵,把根据组合矩阵产生的初值代入CNN超混沌系统,利用得到的混沌序列对组合矩阵进行置乱,视频所有帧各像素点扩散、置乱一步完成,从而缩短加密时间。在此基础上,将组合矩阵重新分解为单帧图像,得到最终加密的视频图像。实验结果表明,在算法中使用高维超混沌系统安全性更高,能够有效缩短加密视频图像的耗时,且能抵抗统计攻击、差分攻击和暴力攻击,具有较好的安全性。     

基于循环生成对抗网络的含遮挡人脸识别

人脸图像的遮挡会严重影响人脸识别准确率,当前处理带遮挡人脸识别的方法主要有丢弃法和修复法两种。丢弃法因忽略或丢弃大量遮挡区域的有效特征易造成识别准确率不高,而当前大多数修复法需要原图的相关信息,限制了其应用。针对现有含遮挡人脸识别方法存在的问题,提出一种基于循环生成对抗网络的人脸识别算法,通过利用2对生成器和判别器进行循环训练,实现遮挡人脸图像的盲修复,此过程不需要除遮挡区域外的原图信息。在此基础上,采用ResNet-50网络对修复后人脸进行识别,该网络通过跳跃连接消除深层卷积神经网络中的网络退化问题,能够降低网络训练的难度,且不会增加额外的参数和计算量。针对盲修复后人脸特征存在类内差异大和类间差异小的特性,引入一种能够量化类间距离的分类损失函数RegularFace作为识别网络损失函数。实验结果表明,与DCGAN+CNN算法相比,所提算法对不同遮挡类型和遮挡区域的人脸图像识别准确率均有所提高,当线性遮挡面积为40%时,所提算法的识别准确率提高了14.4个百分点。     

结合隶属度与像素交替引导滤波的鲁棒模糊聚类算法

模糊局部信息C-均值（FLICM）聚类算法是目前应用较广泛的图像分割算法,然而仅适用于处理低噪声图像。FLICM算法与像素引导隶属度滤波的结合在一定程度上提高了噪声抑制能力,但仍无法满足强噪声图像的分割需求。联合引导滤波与基于核度量的加权模糊局部信息C-均值（KWFLICM）聚类算法,提出一种隶属度与像素值交替引导的核模糊聚类算法。将像素引导隶属度滤波模块和隶属度引导像素滤波模块引入KWFLICM算法,构造一种引导滤波约束的多目标核模糊聚类优化模型,采用最小二乘法对该模型进行迭代求解。在迭代过程中,通过像素引导隶属度滤波和隶属度引导像素滤波,分别修正输入图像的隶属度和像素值,进一步提高核模糊聚类算法对含噪图像的鲁棒性。实验结果表明,与同类核模糊聚类算法相比,该算法在莱斯噪声干扰下的误分率、精确度、峰值信噪比、Jaccard相似系数等评价指标上表现突出,具有更好的分割性能和更强的鲁棒性。     

Stability and electronic properties of armchair boron nitride/carbon nanotubes

In this work are studied the electronic and structural properties of armchair boron nitride/carbon nanotubes using first principles calculations. The density functional within the generalized gradient approximation (HSEh1PBE-GGA) is used. For each composition, different bonding schemes for the construction of the hybrid systems were employed. Among them, structural stability with neutral charge was determined for the following compositions: T1: B₄₀N₃₅C₇₅H₂₀, T2: B₃₅N₄₀C₇₅H₂₀, T3: B₃₇N₃₈C₇₅H₂₀, T4 : B₃₇N₃₇C₇₆H₂₀, and T7: B₃₅N₃₅C₈₀H₂₀. All these hybrid nanotubes have high polarity; the T3, T4 and T7 are semiconductors: whereas T1 and T2 are conductor in character. The formers also have magnetic behavior. These properties together with a low-chemical potential suggest applications as nano-vehicle for drug delivery. These mixed nanotubes also have potential applications in the electronic devices based on the small work function.     

Quality of life development during initial hemodialysis therapy and association with loss of residual renal function

Introduction: Health related quality of life (HRQOL) is markedly reduced in hemodialysis patients compared to the general population. We investigated the course of self‐reported HRQOL over time and the association with selected factors, focusing on changes in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Methods: Eighty‐two newly started hemodialysis patients from the SAFIR cohort filled out the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form Version 1.3 (KDQOL‐SF^TM) questionnaire at baseline, 6 and 12 months. The SAFIR study was a randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind intervention study, examining the effects of the angiotensin II receptor blocker irbesartan. HRQOL was a secondary outcome measure. Main inclusion criteria: Dialysis vintage <1 year, left ventricular ejection fraction >30% and urinary output >300 mL/day. GFR was measured with mean creatinine and urea clearance from 24‐hour urine collections at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Findings: Irbesartan treatment did not affect HRQOL. Patients were pooled into one group for further analyses. Decline in GFR correlated significantly with decreasing HRQOL over time. HRQOL was stable over time, with a slight nonsignificant tendency toward improved HRQOL. The largest HRQOL‐differences (positive values equal improved HRQOL) observed during the 12 month study period were (mean[95% confidence interval]): Burden of kidney disease:6.4[?2.2;15.0], Role limitations‐physical:12.7[?2.1;27.5], and Role limitations‐emotional:9.7[?5.2;24.6]. Comorbidity, especially diabetes, hospital admissions, female gender, and age were strongly associated with lower HRQOL in cross sectional analysis. Discussion: Preservation of residual renal function seems to be important for HRQOL. In newly started HD patients, HRQOL showed little change after 12 months. HRQOL was negatively affected by comorbidity, especially diabetes, hospital admissions, female gender, and age.     

Ultrathin Co3O4 nanosheets highly dispersed on reduced graphene oxide: An efficient bi-functional catalyst for Li-O2 battery

Ultrathin Co₃O₄ nanosheets grown on the reduced graphene oxide (Co₃O₄/rGO) was synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method and was investigated as a cathode in a Li-O₂ battery. Benefited from the synergistic effect between Co₃O₄ and rGO, the hybrid exhibits a high initial capacity of 10,528 mAh g^?1 along with a high coulombic efficiency (84.4%) at 100 mA g^?1. In addition, the batteries show an enhanced cycling stability and after 113 cycles, the cut-off discharge voltage remains above 2.5 V. The outstanding performance is intimately related to the high surface area of rGO, which not only provide carbon skeleton for the uniform distribution of Co₃O₄ nanosheets but also facilitate the reversible formation and decomposition of insoluble Li₂O₂. The results of electrochemical tests confirm that the Co₃O₄/rGO hybrid is a promising candidate for the Li-O₂ batteries.     

Insights into the Influence of Work Functions of Cathodes on Efficiencies of Perovskite Solar Cells

Though various efforts on modification of electrodes are still undertaken to improve the efficiency of perovskite solar cells, attributing to the large scope of these methods, it is of significance to unveil the working principle systematically. Herein, inverted perovskite solar cells based on indium tin oxide (ITO)/poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC₆₁ BM)/buffer metal/Al are constructed. Through the choice of different buffer metals to tune work function of the cathode, the contact nature of the active layer with the cathode could be manipulated well. In comparison with the device using Au/Al as the electrode that shows an unfavorable band bending for conducting the excited electrons to the cathode, the one with Ca/Al presents a dramatically improved efficiency over 17.1%, ascribed to the favorable band bending at the interface of the cathode with the active layer. Details for tuning the band bending and the corresponding charge transfer mechanism are given in a systematic manner. Thus, a general guideline for constructing perovskite photovoltaic devices efficiently is provided.     

Weight function,stress intensity factor and crack opening displacement solutions to periodic collinear edge hole cracks

Periodic collinear edge hole cracks and arbitrary small cracks emanating from collinear holes, which are two typical multiple site damages occurred in the aircraft structures, are studied by using the weigh function method. An explicit closed form weight function for periodic edge hole cracks in an infinite sheet is obtained and further used to calculate the stress intensity factor and crack opening displacement for various loading cases. Compared to finite element method, the present weight function is accurate and highly efficient. The interactions of the holes and cracks on the stress intensity factor and crack opening displacement are quantitatively determined by using the present weight function. An approximate weight function method is also proposed for arbitrary small cracks emanating from multiple collinear holes. This method is very useful for calculating the stress intensity factor for arbitrary small cracks.     

Optimal design of a distribution-free quality control scheme for cost-efficient monitoring of unknown location

Traditionally, a cost-efficient control chart for monitoring product quality characteristic is designed using prior knowledge regarding the process distribution. In practice, however, the functional form of the underlying process distribution is rarely known a priori. Therefore, the nonparametric (distribution-free) charts have gained more attention in the recent years. These nonparametric schemes are statistically designed either with a fixed in-control average run length or a fixed false alarm rate. Robust and cost-efficient designs of nonparametric control charts especially when the true process location parameter is unknown are not adequately addressed in literature. For this purpose, we develop an economically designed nonparametric control chart for monitoring unknown location parameter. This work is based on the Wilcoxon rank sum (hereafter WRS) statistic. Some exact and approximate procedures for evaluation of the optimal design parameters are extensively discussed. Simulation results show that overall performance of the exact procedure based on bootstrapping is highly encouraging and robust for various continuous distributions. An approximate and simplified procedure may be used in some situations. We offer some illustration and concluding remarks.