A kinetic flux-vector splitting method for the shallow water magnetohydrodynamics

A kinetic flux-vector splitting (KFVS) scheme for the shallow water magnetohydrodynamic (SWMHD) equations in one- and two-space dimensions is formulated and applied. These equations model the dynamics of a thin layer of nearly incompressible and electrically conducting fluids for which the evolution is nearly two-dimensional with magnetic equilibrium in the third direction. The proposed numerical scheme is based on the direct splitting of macroscopic flux functions of the SWMHD equations. In two-space dimensions the scheme is derived in a usual dimensionally split manner; that is, the formulae for the fluxes can be used along each coordinate direction. The high-order resolution of the scheme is achieved by using a MUSCL-type initial reconstruction and Runge-Kutta time stepping method. Both one- and two-dimensional test computations are presented. For validation, the results of KFVS scheme are compared with those obtained from the space-time conservation element and solution element (CE/SE) method. The accuracy, efficiency and simplicity of the KFVS scheme demonstrate its potential in modeling SWMHD equations.     

Multirate Explicit Adams Methods for Time Integration of Conservation Laws

This paper constructs multirate linear multistep time discretizations based on Adams-Bashforth methods. These methods are aimed at solving conservation laws and allow different timesteps to be used in different parts of the spatial domain. The proposed family of discretizations is second order accurate in time and has conservation and linear and nonlinear stability properties under local CFL conditions. Multirate timestepping avoids the necessity to take small global timesteps—restricted by the largest value of the Courant number on the grid—and therefore results in more efficient computations. Numerical results obtained for the advection and Burgers’ equations confirm the theoretical findings. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation through award NSF CCF-0515170.     

Modelling microtubules in the brain as n-qudit quantum Hopfield network and beyond

The scientific approach to understand the nature of consciousness revolves around the study of the human brain. Neurobiological studies that compare the nervous system of different species have accorded the highest place to humans on account of various factors that include a highly developed cortical area comprising of approximately 100 billion neurons, that are intrinsically connected to form a highly complex network. Quantum theories of consciousness are based on mathematical abstraction and the Penrose–Hameroff Orch-OR theory is one of the most promising ones. Inspired by the Penrose–Hameroff Orch-OR theory, Behrman et al. have simulated a quantum Hopfield neural network with the structure of a microtubule. They have used an extremely simplified model of the tubulin dimers with each dimer represented simply as a qubit, a single quantum two-state system. The extension of this model to n-dimensional quantum states or n-qudits presented in this work holds considerable promise for even higher mathematical abstraction in modelling consciousness systems.     

A high-order non-oscillatory central scheme with non-staggered grids for hyperbolic conservation laws

In this work, we present a scheme which is based on non-staggered grids. This scheme is a new family of non-staggered central schemes for hyperbolic conservation laws. Motivation of this work is a staggered central scheme recently introduced by A.A.I. Peer et al. [A new fourth-order non-oscillatory central scheme for hyperbolic conservation laws, Appl. Numer. Math. 58 (2008) 674–688]. The most important properties of the technique developed in the current paper are simplicity, high-resolution and avoiding the use of staggered grids and hence is simpler to implement in frameworks which involve complex geometries and boundary conditions. Numerical implementation of the new scheme is carried out on the scalar conservation laws with linear, non-linear flux and systems of hyperbolic conservation laws. The numerical results confirm the expected accuracy and high-resolution properties of the scheme.     

On the rate of heterogeneous catalytic reactions with ionic intermediates

A facile way to compute the rate law of a catalytic reaction with ionic intermediates is proposed, based on the theory of complex reactions. When the ionic nature of intermediates is taken into account it is necessary to add balance equations which correspond to the electroneutrality of the catalyst. Several mechanisms of the olefin hydrogenation were considered as examples.     

Flood Management in Japan—From Rivers to Basins

Abstract

The River Commission of the Ministry of Construction in Japan recommended a basin response to floods in its December 2000 Interim Report to Minister of Construction. This is practically an official declaration of the policy accepting inundation in habited areas. By this policy shift, it is anticipated that more basin response measures and non-structural measures against floods will be promoted to complement structural measures such as continuous levees and dams. Such a policy is not new in the world but is a significant governmental move in Japan, a densely populated, highly developed, and highly flood hazardous country. Although living with floods is a universal coping strategy, the implementation of measures should be different from region to region reflecting region's nature and socio-economic conditions. This paper reviews the flood fighting history of Japan and her statutory evolution against floods and shows the process by which the ever-increasing flood damage potential and the recent increase of flood damages necessitated the official move in flood control management from rivers to basins.     

武烈河地表水与地下水转化规律研究

分析现状开采条件下武烈河地表水与地下水转化规律河水对地下水的补给量．双峰寺水库建成前后地下水可开采量的变化状况,为承德市区双峰寺水库建成后水源优化调度提供科学依据。     

本煤层超前卸压瓦斯抽采的固-气耦合试验

对不同工作面推进速度条件下的超前支承压力演化规律及瓦斯抽采量的变化规律进行了对比分析,对不同轴压卸载起始点、不同围压卸载速度情况下的煤岩固-气耦合规律进行了试验研究.结果表明：轴压、围压同时卸载过程中,煤样经历了应变回弹、应变增加及应变软化3个阶段,轴压卸载起始点越小、围压卸载速度越慢,应变回弹过程越明显.反之,煤样越快进入应变增加和应变软化阶段.固定围压、加载轴压过程中,煤岩渗透率逐渐降低,瓦斯流量变小.轴压、围压同时卸载过程中,煤岩渗透率由缓慢增大到快速增大.当轴压、围压卸载到一定程度后,煤岩渗透率发生突跳.轴压卸载起始点越高、围压卸载速度越快,煤岩渗透率发生突跳时的轴压卸载量越小.     

国外行业组织参与职业教育的借鉴与启发

行业参与职业教育已成为我国职业教育发展和改革的重要方式之一,如何更好地发挥行业组织在职教工作中的作用和职能,建立合理的体制机制,有必要借鉴国外的先进经验。本文对德国和澳大利亚行业组织参与职业教育的模式和经验进行了分析、总结,并提出对我国行业尤其是有色金属行业参与职业教育工作的几点启示。