不同乳酸菌接种发酵泡菜风味的研究

以新鲜红皮萝卜为原料,分别接种分离自自然发酵泡菜中的乳明串株菌、乳酸乳球菌、食窦魏斯氏、发酵乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌进行纯种乳酸菌发酵制作泡菜。通过测定泡菜的乳酸菌菌相、总酸度、感官评价、挥发性成分及有机酸,对分离自自然发酵泡菜中不同乳酸菌纯种发酵泡萝卜的风味进行研究。结果表明,发酵达到终点时,接种不同乳酸菌发酵的泡菜中大部分乳酸菌的活菌数相差不大,都在7.0lg CFU/m L左右,泡菜液中的乳酸菌几乎全为植物乳杆菌;大部分乳酸菌纯种发酵泡菜中总酸含量>4g/kg;不同乳酸菌发酵的泡菜挥发性成分及有机酸的种类差异不显著。      

Modulation of Muscarinic Signalling in the Central Nervous System by Steroid Hormones and Neurosteroids

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors expressed in the central nervous system mediate various functions, including cognition, memory, or reward. Therefore, muscarinic receptors represent potential pharmacological targets for various diseases and conditions, such as Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia, addiction, epilepsy, or depression. Muscarinic receptors are allosterically modulated by neurosteroids and steroid hormones at physiologically relevant concentrations. In this review, we focus on the modulation of muscarinic receptors by neurosteroids and steroid hormones in the context of diseases and disorders of the central nervous system. Further, we propose the potential use of neuroactive steroids in the development of pharmacotherapeutics for these diseases and conditions.     

诃子粗提物及不同极性部位抑制低密度脂蛋白氧化修饰的研究

为了研究诃子抑制低密度脂蛋（Low density lipoprotein,LDL）氧化修饰活性,采用Cu2+体外诱导LDL氧化,以硫代巴比妥酸反应物（thiobarbituric acid reactive substance,TBARS）含量为指标评价氧化修饰程度。运用生物活性追踪法确定诃子抗LDL氧化修饰有效部位,并对其抗LDL氧化修饰活性进行了研究。结果表明,不同浓度诃子粗提物（0.5、0.9、2.7mg/mL）抗LDL修饰抑制率分别为64.31%、77.22%和82.66%。相同浓度（0.5mg/mL）的不同极性部位中,乙酸乙酯相抗LDL氧化修饰能力显著高于其他3个极性部位（p<0.05）,为有效部位。不同浓度有效部位（0.5、0.9、2.7mg/mL）抗LDL修饰的抑制率分别达73.19%、81.85%和86.29%。有效部位能明显延长LDL氧化反应潜伏期并能延缓和降低LDL氧化修饰程度。诃子抗LDL氧化修饰与其所含的总黄酮和总多酚有关。结果显示,诃子具有很强的抗LDL氧化修饰能力,为后期开发抗LDL氧化及抗动脉粥样硬化功能食品奠定基础。      

不同优株花椒甲醇提取物麻味素、总多酚、总黄酮含量测定及抗氧化能力研究

为了从17种不同品种的花椒中筛选出最佳的优良品种,本研究以17种不同丰产优株花椒果皮为原材料,测定了花椒中麻味素、总多酚和总黄酮含量及抗氧化能力,并进行相关性分析。结果表明在17种不同花椒优株椒皮中,花椒果皮中总多酚、总黄酮和麻味素含量最高的样品分别是来自绳池的M37、M1和来自陕县的S1,而M31样品中总黄酮和总多酚含量最低,M4样品中麻味素含量最低。不同花椒果皮提取物均具有很好的还原能力和DPPH自由基清除力,且总多酚和总黄酮均与还原能力和DPPH自由基清除力之间呈现良好的相关性。研究表明,从大田中优选出的17株花椒丰产优株中,花椒果皮的主要活性成分具有显著差异,来自渑池的M37、M1和来自陕县的S1、来自灵宝的L1等丰产优株树可以作为不同花椒良种进行培植。      

菠萝蜜种子淀粉制备的香草兰精油微胶囊的风味品质分析

通过感官评定、风味物质分析,对以菠萝蜜种子淀粉为原料应用饱和水溶液法制备的香草兰精油微胶囊特征风味进行综合评价,同时探究感官属性与风味物质之间的相关性。人工感官评定结果表明微胶囊表观状态及风味均良好,评分分别为7.20、7.70分,电子鼻评价结果显示微胶囊香气强度较精油减弱,但并非影响其香气成分的明显变化;气相色谱-质谱联用仪检测结果证明精油经过微胶囊化后,主要挥发性物质的含量发生显著性变化（p≤0.05）,精油中超过90%的组分被包覆于微胶囊中,香兰素相对含量增加（精油、微胶囊中香兰素相对含量分别为32.12%、55.77%）;高效液相色谱仪结果表明微胶囊中香兰素含量为51.2 mg/100 g。本实验制得微胶囊富含香兰素,风味与香草兰精油无明显差异（p>0.05）,人工感官评定与电子感官评价相关性较大,感官属性与风味物质相关性较好。      

腊梅花坯含水量对精油品质及物质组分的影响

本文采用超临界CO₂萃取技术研究腊梅花坯含水量对精油品质及物质组分的影响。结果表明,随着腊梅花坯含水量的降低,精油综合品质发生了较大的变化,表现出先下降后升高再下降的趋势,以腊梅花坯含水量分别在78.3%和28.0%时萃取的精油品质较好。花坯含水量较高（59.9%⁷8.3%）时,萃取精油的主要成分变化较大,随水分含量的降低,萃取精油的物质组分逐渐趋于稳定;在各处理的精油物质组分中,共有的大类物质主要有醇类、酯类、烯烃类、酚类、烷烃类和酮类六类,相对含量较高的成分有:氧化芳樟醇和苯甲醇。花坯含水量为28.0%和44.7%时,物质的种类较多,达到62种;花坯含水量为59.9%时的物质种类较少,为45种。      

Motor Imagery and Error Related Potential Induced Position Control of a Robotic Arm

The paper introduces an electroencephalography (EEG) driven online position control scheme for a robot arm by utilizing motor imagery to activate and error related potential (ErrP) to stop the movement of the individual links, following a fixed (pre-defined) order of link selection. The right (left) hand motor imagery is used to turn a link clockwise (counterclockwise) and foot imagery is used to move a link forward. The occurrence of ErrP here indicates that the link under motion crosses the visually fixed target position, which usually is a plane/line/point depending on the desired transition of the link across 3D planes/around 2D lines/along 2D lines respectively. The imagined task about individual link's movement is decoded by a classifier into three possible class labels:clockwise, counterclockwise and no movement in case of rotational movements and forward, backward and no movement in case of translational movements. One additional classifier is required to detect the occurrence of the ErrP signal, elicited due to visually inspired positional link error with reference to a geometrically selected target position. Wavelet coefficients and adaptive autoregressive parameters are extracted as features for motor imagery and ErrP signals respectively. Support vector machine classifiers are used to decode motor imagination and ErrP with high classification accuracy above 80%. The average time taken by the proposed scheme to decode and execute control intentions for the complete movement of three links of a robot is approximately 33 seconds. The steady-state error and peak overshoot of the proposed controller are experimentally obtained as 1.1% and 4.6% respectively.      

响应面法优化Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ZJHD-06产类细菌素发酵培养基

以分离自海洋宝石石斑鱼肠道的一种解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZJHD-06所产类细菌素为研究对象,以单核增生李斯特菌为抗菌活性测试指示菌,以抑菌圈直径大小为指标,采用响应面法对菌株ZJHD-06产类细菌素的发酵培养基成分进行优化。通过Plackett-Burman实验筛选出对类细菌素产量具有显著影响的因素,再通过最陡爬坡实验确定显著因素的中心水平,最后进行Box-Behnken实验设计,最终得到的最佳配比为葡萄糖浓度4.80%,蛋白胨浓度0.47%,酵母浸膏浓度0.44%,NaCl、K2HPO4和MgSO4·7H2O浓度分别为1.0%、0.01%、0.03%。在该培养基配比下,发酵上清液的抑菌圈直径增加了27.8%。      

杜仲裂褶菌菌质无糖食品的研制

通过裂褶菌固体发酵杜仲皮获得杜仲菌质。采用正交实验设计,以杜仲裂褶菌菌质、南瓜纯粉、甜菊糖甙为原料,获得杜仲裂褶菌菌质无糖食品的最佳制作配方为:面粉100.0g,杜仲裂褶菌菌质10.0g,甜菊糖甙0.07g,起酥油20.0g,南瓜粉40.0g,食用植物油10.0g,食盐0.30g,泡打粉0.50g。以最佳配方制作的菌质无糖食品,蛋白质含量4.1%,总脂肪含量26.7%,水分含量≤8.0%,酸价3.5g KOH/100g,过氧化值0.17g脂肪/100g,总砷未检出,总铅<1.0mg/kg,颜色呈均匀黄褐色,外形完整,组织结构细密,口感酥脆,具有菌质风味和较高营养价值。研究结果为杜仲在菌质食品领域的新产品开发提供了一种参考途径。      

Molecular Mechanisms of Parthanatos and Its Role in Diverse Diseases

Differential evolution of apoptosis, programmed necrosis, and autophagy, parthanatos is a form of cell death mediated by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), which is caused by DNA damage. PARP1 hyper-activation stimulates apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) nucleus translocation, and accelerates nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion, leading to DNA fragmentation. The mechanisms of parthanatos mainly include DNA damage, PARP1 hyper-activation, PAR accumulation, NAD⁺ and ATP depletion, and AIF nucleus translocation. Now, it is reported that parthanatos widely exists in different diseases (tumors, retinal diseases, neurological diseases, diabetes, renal diseases, cardiovascular diseases, ischemia-reperfusion injury...). Excessive or defective parthanatos contributes to pathological cell damage; therefore, parthanatos is critical in the therapy and prevention of many diseases. In this work, the hallmarks and molecular mechanisms of parthanatos and its related disorders are summarized. The questions raised by the recent findings are also presented. Further understanding of parthanatos will provide a new treatment option for associated conditions.