二苯胺基甲烷为核的树枝状高分子聚合物的合成与表征

合成了二苯胺基甲烷并作为核心材料,采用发散法合成了6种不同支化代的树枝状高分子聚合物。得到各支化代产物的较佳工艺条件为:n(二苯胺基甲烷)∶n(丙烯酸甲酯)=1∶8,于35℃下反应15 h,得到产率最高可达97.8%的0.5 G产物;n(0.5 G产物)∶n(二苯胺基甲烷)=1∶16,于25℃下反应24 h,得到产率最高可达92.0%的1.0 G产物;n(1.0 G产物)∶n(丙烯酸甲酯)=1∶16,于10℃下反应35 h,得到产率为90.7%的1.5 G产物;n(1.5 G产物)∶n(二苯胺基甲烷)=1∶16,于20℃下反应48 h,得到产率为93.7%的2.0 G产物;n(2.0 G产物)∶n(丙烯酸甲酯)=1∶32,于10℃下反应35 h,得到产率为89.7%的2.5 G产物;n(2.5 G产物)∶n(二苯胺基甲烷)=1∶32,于20℃下反应48 h,得到产率为91.0%的3.0 G产物。用IR和GC-MS对合成的二苯胺基甲烷进行结构表征。各支化代树枝状高分子聚合物的结构用IR、分子质量测定、电位滴定和扫描电镜进行表征和分析。结果表明所合成产物的结构与设计结构基本相符合。     

石墨烯的制备与应用

简要回顾了石墨烯的历史及性质,着重介绍了石墨烯的制备和表征方法,概述了石墨烯在锂电池、计算机芯片及减少纳米元件的噪声等领域的应用,并展望了其未来发展前景。     

预硫化催化剂钝化研究

以硫化度和自放热温度为评价指标,确定了固定床气体钝化适宜工艺条件为:温度50℃,O2浓度1%,时间30min。利用XRD、DTA对催化剂进行了表征并总结出了预硫化催化剂机理。结果表明,钝化催化剂没有出现活性相聚集现象。钝化催化剂的放热峰比硫化态催化剂放热峰低得多,也比较平坦,TGA曲线表明,钝化催化剂在高温有SO2的生成。催化剂经过钝化后活性组分发生了变化,有新相生成,同时改善了硫化催化剂低温热稳定性。     

Is the association between temperature and mortality modified by age, gender and socio-economic status?

Background

A number of studies have examined the relationship between high ambient temperature and mortality. Recently, concern has arisen about whether this relationship is modified by socio-demographic factors. However, data for this type of study is relatively scarce in subtropical/tropical regions where people are well accustomed to warm temperatures.

Objective

To investigate whether the relationship between daily mean temperature and daily all-cause mortality is modified by age, gender and socio-economic status (SES) in Brisbane, Australia.

Methods

We obtained daily mean temperature and all-cause mortality data for Brisbane, Australia during 1996-2004. A generalised additive model was fitted to assess the percentage increase in all deaths with every one degree increment above the threshold temperature. Different age, gender and SES groups were included in the model as categorical variables and their modification effects were estimated separately.

Results

A total of 53,316 non-external deaths were included during the study period. There was a clear increasing trend in the harmful effect of high temperature on mortality with age. The effect estimate among women was more than 20 times that among men. We did not find an SES effect on the percent increase associated with temperature.

Conclusions

The effects of high temperature on all deaths were modified by age and gender but not by SES in Brisbane, Australia.     

Nitrophenoxy groups containing polybenzimidazoles as polymer electrolytes for fuel cells: Synthesis and characterization

Polybenzimidazoles containing different contents of pendant nitrophenoxy groups were prepared by condensation of 3,3′‐diamino‐benzidine with a mixture of 3,5‐dicarboxyl‐4′‐nitro diphenyl ether and isophthalic acid (IPA) in different ratios in polyphosphoric acid. The polymers are soluble in polar aprotic solvents, they have inherent viscosities in the range of 0.75–1.10 dL g^?1 and they form tough and transparent films on solution casting. They have good thermal stability with initial decomposition temperature ranging from 380 to 416°C in nitrogen, good tensile strength ranging from 56 to 65 MPa and reasonably good oxidative stability. Phosphoric acid uptake of these polymers is low compared with PBI and membranes doped with phosphoric acid exhibit good proton conductivity in the range of 6.6× 10^?3 to 1.9× 10^?2 S/cm at 25°C and 1.2× 10^?2 to 4.9× 10^?2 S/cm at 175°C, compared with 3.9× 10^?3 S/cm at 25°C and 3.2× 10^?2 S/cm at 175°C for PBI. These membranes are suitable for applications as polymer electrolyte for fuel cell and presumably for gas separation at high temperature. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

D-氨基葡萄糖Schiff碱的制备及抑制真菌性能研究

以D-氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐与对甲氧基苯甲醛、对甲基苯甲醛反应合成了两种新的D-氨基葡萄糖席夫碱(对甲氧基苯甲醛缩D-氨基葡萄糖席夫碱、对甲基苯甲醛缩D-氨基葡萄糖席夫碱),收率分别为67.9%、74.6%。使用UV1、HNMR和IR对产物进行了结构表征。测试了两种席夫碱甲醇饱和溶液对香蕉炭疽病菌、芒果炭疽病菌、芒果蒂腐病菌、芒果焦腐病菌、番木瓜炭疽病菌等植物病原真菌的抑菌性能。结果表明,对甲氧基苯甲醛缩D-氨基葡萄糖席夫碱对香蕉炭疽病菌、芒果蒂腐病菌、芒果焦腐病菌具有很强的抑菌活性,对甲基苯甲醛缩D-氨基葡萄糖席夫碱对香蕉炭疽病菌、芒果炭疽病菌具有很强的抑菌活性。     

3R-2,2-二氟-3-羟基-3-(2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧戊环基)戊酸乙酯的合成与表征

以2,3-O-异丙亚基-D-甘油醛为原料合成抗肿瘤药物中间体3R-2,2-二氟-3-羟基-3-(2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧戊环基)戊酸乙酯,在锌粉的催化下加入了三甲基氯硅烷使需要得到的R结构产物的比例提高,反应温度为45℃,反应时间3h,收率为72.1%以上。用IR与1HNMR对其结构进行了表征。     

PbTe微晶的水热法合成及表征

文章以Te粉和Pb(NO3)2为原料,在NaOH和KBH4的作用下通过水热法制备PbTe微晶,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)以及光电子能谱(XPS)对所制备的PbTe样品进行了表征。以本方法合成的PbTe在碱性溶液中结晶良好。此外还讨论了PbTe微晶的形成机理。     

板上充气状态下立体传质塔板液体提升量研究

以空气-水为实验物系,在直径为600 mm的实验塔内,通过向板上液层中充气来模拟板上的泡沫状态,测定了立体传质塔板CTST液体提升量的变化情况。考察了不同操作条件下板上气体体积分数对液体提升量的影响,并由实验数据拟合出板孔动能因子、板上液层气体体积分数、板上清液层高度对相对液体提升量影响的关联式。结果表明:相对液体提升量随着板上液层中气体体积分数的增加而降低;气体体积分数相同时,相对液体提升量随着板上清液层高度的增大而增加、随板孔动能因子的增大而减少。     

凝胶渗透色谱法测定瓶级PET切片相对分子质量的制样方法优化

样品制备是凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)测定瓶级PET切片分子质量的一个关键因素,样品剪切方法的差异、烘箱温度的误差、加热时间的变化、溶剂和溶解方法选择的不同等都有可能影响到测试的结果。通过优化以上这些因素可以使得测试结果更为准确。