基于单轴速率转台的角速度传感器标定方法

针对传统的标定方法标定成本高且对北向基准的要求严格等问题,提出了一种用单轴速率转台作为标定设备的光纤陀螺捷联航姿系统标定方法。对光纤陀螺组合的误差进行建模,将光纤陀螺捷联航姿系统安装于单轴速率转台上,使光纤陀螺捷联航姿系统的3个陀螺轴向分别朝下进行标定实验,由此标定出3只光纤陀螺的零偏、标度因数和安装失准角共12个误差参数。通过对标定精度进行分析,验证了该方法的可行性,其标定成本低且不需要北向基准,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

晃动基座下捷联惯导的抗干扰自对准算法

针对捷联惯导(SINS) 晃动基座下, SINS 难以快速实现自对准的问题, 提出SINS 的抗干扰自对准算法. 该算法通过将初始对准问题转化为Wahba 求解问题来消除角运动干扰的影响; 利用惯性坐标系重力矢量和晃动干扰加速度的频率特点, 通过设计低通滤波器对比力在惯性坐标下的投影进行滤波来消除线振动干扰的影响. 仿真结果表明, 该算法不需要进行粗对准, 能够在角运动干扰和线振动干扰同时存在的情况下快速实现自对准.

     

Comparison of single and coastal superphosphate for subterranean clover on phosphorus leaching soils

Coastal superphosphate, a partially acidulated rock phosphate (PARP), is being considered as an alternative fertilizer to single superphosphate for pastures in high rainfall (> 800 mm annual average) areas of south-western Australia. The effectiveness of single and coastal superphosphate, as P fertilizers, was measured in two field experiments using dry herbage yield of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum). The experiments were started in April 1990 and were terminated at the end of 1993. In the years after P applications, soil samples were collected each January to measure Colwell soil-test P, which was related to plant yields measured later on that year, to provide soil P test calibrations.Relative to freshly-applied single superphosphate, the effectiveness of freshly-applied coastal superphosphate and the residues of previously-applied single and coastal superphosphate were less effective in some years (from 3% as effective to equally effective), and up to 100% more effective in other years. This large range in effectiveness values in different years is attributed to different climatic conditions. Soil P test calibrations were different for soils treated with single or coastal superphosphate. The calibrations were also different for different yield assessments (harvests) in the same year, and in different years. Consequently soil P testing can only provide a very crude estimate of the current P status of the soils.     

A discussion of the methods for comparing the relative effectiveness of phosphate fertilizers varying in solubility

Because various phosphate (P) fertilizers differ widely in their solubility, it is commonly observed that crop response to P fertilizers varies under the same soil and crop conditions. Furthermore, a major problem encountered in the methods for determining the relative effectiveness (RE) of water-insoluble P fertilizer (e.g., phosphate rock) with respect to water-soluble P fertilizers, e.g., single superphosphate (SSP) and triple superphosphate (TSP), is that their growth response curves are usually nonlinear and often do not share a common maximum yield. In this paper, we review and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the three most commonly used methods for calculating the RE of phosphate rock with respect to TSP (or SSP). The three methods are vertical comparison, horizontal (substitution rate) comparison, and linear-response comparison.     

用于高速旋转载体的惯性导航系统设计

针对高速旋转载体的实际应用情况,采用了无陀螺捷联惯性导航技术方案,快速精确测量载体的姿态、速度和位置信息。无陀螺捷联惯导系统采用加速度计来解算载体相对惯性系的角速度,从而代替角速度陀螺仪,提高了系统的高过载的适应能力。首先推导了一种基于六加速度计配置方式力学编排方程,分析了加速度计精度、杆臂长度以及时间等因素对角速度误差产生影响,最后仿真分析了加速度计精度对惯导系统的定位精度的影响,为系统设计提供理论依据。     

Gas Hold‐Up in Stirred Tank Reactors in the Presence of Inorganic Electrolytes

Gas hold‐up (?_G) in air‐aqueous electrolyte solutions in stirred tank reactors (STR) is correlated using a relative gas dispersion parameter, N/N_cd and a surface tension factor (STF), (c/z)(dδ/dc)². For electrolyte concentration below transition concentration (c_t) a single correlation in the form of ?_G = f(N/N_cd, vvm, STF) shows good agreement with gas hold‐up data over a wide range of system and operating conditions. Above ct no effect of STF on gas hold‐up is observed and the correlation obtained is of the form ?_G = f(N/N_cd, vvm). Data available in the literature on large STR show good fit with the proposed correlation.     

反式 -1,4-聚异戊二烯相对分子质量的调节

采用负载钛本体沉淀聚合法,以氢气作链转移剂,制备了不同相对分子质量的反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯(TPI),讨论了老化、氢气调节及塑炼对其相对分子质量的影响,以及不同相对分子质量TPI的结构与性能。结果表明,本体系合成TPI的数均相对分子质量为(5～15)×104,相对分子质量分布为2.00～3.00;门尼粘度为20～120时,随着TPI相对分子质量的降低,其结晶速度提高,结晶度无明显变化,拉伸强度明显降低,扯断伸长率、屈服强度和邵尔A型硬度无明显变化。     

悬浮法合成固体粒状丙烯酸树脂

研究了悬浮法合成固体丙烯酸树脂颗粒。讨论了不同软硬单体配比对丙烯酸树脂颗粒的玻璃化转变温度、相对分子质量及其分布的影响以及不同的引发剂及悬浮剂对其聚合过程、最终产物形态及上述性能的影响。制得的丙烯酸树脂的数均相对分子质量用凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)测定为3.9×104～6.2×104,相对分子质量分布为2.04～2.32;用红外光谱图表征了制得的丙烯酸树脂结构。差示扫描量热法(DSC)测定了聚合物的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)。     

A comparative study of two wayfinding aids for simulated driving tasks – single-scale and dual-scale GPS aids

Global Positioning System (GPS) is currently the most frequently used wayfinding aid for driving. Yet, GPS is designed to act as a driving guide rather than to help users gain spatial knowledge. Accordingly, GPS might be less usable in situations where such knowledge is required or highly desirable. In this study, we experimentally study the influence of GPS display scales (single-scale vs. dual-scale) using simulated driving tasks in a virtual environment. The single-scale GPS is similar to the regular GPS view. The dual-scale GPS aid is a dual-scale navigation tool that provides two levels of detail, including both detailed and contextual information. The results demonstrate that the dual-scale GPS was more efficient in leading the participants to the destination during the simulated driving and was more useful for the participants to establish spatial awareness and a cognitive map; the dual-scale GPS participants also reported higher subjective evaluations. The proposed dual-scale GPS design and experimental results show some indications for designing new wayfinding aids aimed at increasing wayfinding performance while simultaneously helping users construct a cognitive map.     

Assessment of the relative agronomic effectiveness of phosphate rocks under glasshouse conditions

Six phosphate rocks (PRs) of varying reactivities were compared with monocalcium phosphate (MCP) in a glasshouse experiment growing perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv. Nui) as the test plant on four soils of contrasting P sorption capacity and exchangeable Ca. The cumulative dry matter yield over 10 harvests showed a significant response to P application in all soils. Based on relative yield and P uptake, MCP was the most effective P fertilizer followed by the reactive phosphate rocks, which were superior to the unreactive rocks in all soils. The relative agronomic effectiveness (RAE) and substitution ratio (SR) of individual PR fertilizers, calculated with respect to MCP using the methods of vertical and horizontal comparison, respectively, were similar over a range of fertilizer rate. There was a decline or slight increase in the performance of PRs with time in the low P sorption soils but a consistent increase in the high P sorption soils. Some initial influence of exchangeable Ca content of the soils on the relative performance of PRs was also observed. Generally the PRs performed better in high P sorption soils than low P sorption soils and in low exchangeable Ca soils than high exchangeable Ca soils.