矩形线圈电磁成形磁场力数值模拟分析

针对板料电磁成形时,随着板料尺寸的不断变化,矩形线圈产生的电磁力分布也不相同的现象进行数值模拟分析及相关试验验证。分别对大尺寸板料及小尺寸板材(板料尺寸小于矩形线圈尺寸)的电磁成形力分布进行数值模拟,得到不同板料上的电磁力分布情况。进行小尺寸板料的电磁成形试验:在板材的尺寸大小、成形电压等均相同的情况下,通过改变板料相对线圈位置高度,得到小尺寸板料在不同位置时的成形效果。并结合数值模拟得出相关规律,确定了小尺寸板料电磁成形时的最优成形条件为:当板料处于矩形电磁线圈的两个电磁力峰值之间的位置时,即,当相对线圈位置高度l=7~13 mm时,板料的电磁成形效果最佳。     

堆石料剪切过程中的颗粒破碎研究

颗粒破碎直接改变堆石料本身结构,影响土体的剪胀、内摩擦角、峰值强度、渗透系数和流变变形。但是,目前对于堆石料在剪切过程中的破碎规律尚不明确。通过室内固结排水三轴试验,研究了古水面板坝玄武岩堆石料在制样、固结和剪切过程中的颗粒破碎规律。研究结果表明:堆石料在制样过程中会产生较为显著的颗粒破碎现象;在等向固结过程几乎不产生颗粒破碎。低围压下,颗粒间的翻越和滑移受围压约束较弱,剪切过程中的颗粒破碎不明显。髙围压下,颗粒间的翻越和滑移受到限制,颗粒间的咬合力显著提高,随着剪切应变的增大,土体颗粒不断发生破碎。在颗粒破碎过程中,大粒径颗粒首先破碎,破碎的颗粒从大粒径逐渐向小粒径扩展。粒径在0.5 mm以下颗粒的含量始终随剪应变的增大而增多,且增长幅度随着围压的增大而增大。土体颗粒破碎同时受围压和剪切变形的影响,相同围压下剪切过程中的相对破碎参量Br和剪应变之间的关系可采用双曲线公式描述。     

混杂纤维混凝土冻融耐久性与损伤模型研究

采用钢-玄武岩纤维增强混凝土的技术方法,通过冻融循环试验,研究了钢纤维与玄武岩纤维相互混杂对混凝土抗冻性的影响规律及其冻融损伤模型。研究结果表明:不同的纤维掺量对混凝土抗冻性影响较大,当钢纤维体积掺率为1.5%、玄武岩纤维体积掺率在0.05%左右时,混凝土的抗冻性最好,达到了F250以上水平;分析了混杂纤维混凝土的冻融损伤机理,分别以相对动弹性模量和冻融累积损伤为损伤变量建立了混杂纤维混凝土的冻融损伤模型,发现动弹性模量衰减模型优于冻融累积损伤衰减模型,且二次项函数模型比指数函数模型具有更高的拟合精度。     

电动机全压及带电抗器起动计算

电动机起动时母线电压及端电压的验算是保证电动机、照明、电气设备正常运行的必要设计步骤,也是电气设计计算的难点。相关设计手册给出的电动机起动时母线电压及端电压的计算公式,笔者经过推演发现有的公式表达不完整或有错误,故重新推导了电动机全压起动及带电抗器起动时,母线电压相对值及电动机端电压相对值计算公式。     

某设备楼改造前的安全性鉴定实例

以西南某供电局下属110 k V设备楼为例,通过现场查勘、检测,对该设备楼在改造前的安全性进行了综合鉴定,并根据评定结果给出了相应的处理意见,为后续改造利用提供了依据。     

Analysis of ultrasonic welding process of mild steel and 5052 aluminium alloy

Ultrasonic welding of mild steel sheet (SPCC) and aluminium alloy sheet (A5052) was conducted using two different weld tips of a knurled tip (K-tip) and a curved shape tip without knurled edges (C-tip). Behaviours of the weld tip and the welded materials during the weld process were analysed using a high-speed camera observation and an image correlation. The C-tip welding shows a completely different displacement behaviour from the K-tip welding; a relative motion between the tool tip and A5052 in contact with the tip predominantly occurs in the C-tip in contrast to a relative motion between A5052 and SPCC observed in the K-tip. The joint strength using the C-tip was higher than that using the K-tip under the weld conditions in this study. It is demonstrated that the relative motion behaviour in the C-tip causes a macroscopic deformation of A5052 in the vibration direction. This phenomenon promotes growth of a bonded region, resulting in the increase of joint strength. It is surmised that Fe–Al intermetallic layer forms at the weld interface, and the joint strength consequently decreases for the longer weld time condition.     

陶粒内养护高性能混凝土抗裂性能研究

通过平板开裂试验,研究陶粒内养护对不同强度混凝土早期抗裂性能的影响规律,并结合混凝土塑性收缩试验、绝热温升试验和内部相对湿度变化,探明陶粒内养护提高混凝土早期抗裂性能的微观机理.结果表明:在混凝土中使用饱水陶粒替代部分粗骨料,能够减少混凝土材料的早期塑性收缩,降低大体积混凝土内部的水化温升,有效提高混凝土早期的抗裂性能,达到显著的内养护效果;饱水陶粒通过减缓早龄期试件内部相对湿度的快速下降,改善了胶凝材料水化环境,有效抑制了胶凝材料水化过程引发的自干燥作用,降低了混凝土材料早期收缩,从而提高了混凝土材料的抗裂性能;C30与C60两个强度混凝土中饱水陶粒替代粗骨料的最佳比例均为20%(体积分数).     

Is the association between temperature and mortality modified by age, gender and socio-economic status?

Background

A number of studies have examined the relationship between high ambient temperature and mortality. Recently, concern has arisen about whether this relationship is modified by socio-demographic factors. However, data for this type of study is relatively scarce in subtropical/tropical regions where people are well accustomed to warm temperatures.

Objective

To investigate whether the relationship between daily mean temperature and daily all-cause mortality is modified by age, gender and socio-economic status (SES) in Brisbane, Australia.

Methods

We obtained daily mean temperature and all-cause mortality data for Brisbane, Australia during 1996-2004. A generalised additive model was fitted to assess the percentage increase in all deaths with every one degree increment above the threshold temperature. Different age, gender and SES groups were included in the model as categorical variables and their modification effects were estimated separately.

Results

A total of 53,316 non-external deaths were included during the study period. There was a clear increasing trend in the harmful effect of high temperature on mortality with age. The effect estimate among women was more than 20 times that among men. We did not find an SES effect on the percent increase associated with temperature.

Conclusions

The effects of high temperature on all deaths were modified by age and gender but not by SES in Brisbane, Australia.     

Proposal for an Inundation Hazard Index of Road Links for Safer Routing Services in Car Navigation Systems

Inundation of roads by heavy rainfall has attracted more attention than traffic accidents, traffic congestion, and construction because it simultaneously causes travel delays and threatens driver safety. For these reasons, in this paper, we propose an inundation hazard index (IHI) of road links, which shows the possibility of inundation of road links caused by rainfall. To generate the index, we have used two key data sources, namely the digital elevation model (DEM) and past rainfall records of when inundation has occurred. IHI is derived by statistically analyzing the relationships between the normalized relative height of the road links calculated from DEM within the watershed and past rainfall records. After analyzing the practical applicability of the proposed index with a commercial car navigation system through a set of tests, we confirmed that the proposed IHI could be implemented to choose safer routes, with reduced chances of encountering roads having inundation risks.s     

板上充气状态下立体传质塔板液体提升量研究

以空气-水为实验物系,在直径为600 mm的实验塔内,通过向板上液层中充气来模拟板上的泡沫状态,测定了立体传质塔板CTST液体提升量的变化情况。考察了不同操作条件下板上气体体积分数对液体提升量的影响,并由实验数据拟合出板孔动能因子、板上液层气体体积分数、板上清液层高度对相对液体提升量影响的关联式。结果表明:相对液体提升量随着板上液层中气体体积分数的增加而降低;气体体积分数相同时,相对液体提升量随着板上清液层高度的增大而增加、随板孔动能因子的增大而减少。