The rate of corrosion of concrete reinforcement and possibilities of its mathematical modelling

The paper describes a method for the mathematical modelling of steel reinforcement corrosion rate. This method is based exclusively on experimental results and expression of the influence of significant corrosion factors in the form of functional relations. The method takes into account the reality of the effects of corrosion factors, their contigency and complexity, and various circumstances occurring in practice. It represents one way towards the development of methods for the prediction of service life of reinforced concrete and structures.     

Two- or three-stage least squares?

Two elements enter the choice between 2 and 3SLS for full-system estimation: statistical efficiency and computational cost. 2SLS always has the computational edge, but 3SLS can be more efficient, a relative advantage that increases with the strength of the interrelations among the error terms. A measure of these interrelations is thus helpful in making the choice, and, when there are only two equations, this has suggested using a high pairwise error correlation as an indicator of when to use 3SLS. In larger systems of equations, however, these pairwise correlations can remain small even though more general interrelations give 3SLS the relative advantage. More general indicators are therefore needed, and this paper suggests three such and demonstrates their efficacy.Professor of Economics, Boston College, and Principal Research Associate, Center for Computational Research in Economics and Management Science, MIT. All computation was done on the TROLL system at MIT. My thanks go to Josh Charap for his able research assistance. This research was sponsored in part by the National Science Foundation under grant #IST-8420614.     

用热失重法确定水合粘土水分含量及存在形式

文章以蒙脱土为例，采用热失重法定性定量确定了水合粘土中结合水类型、界限及其相对含量，并与等温吸附法结果进行了对比。结果表明，用该方法得到的水合蒙脱土中各种水分的相对含量及总含水量与等温吸附实验结果相一致。热失重（25~250 ℃）分析结果表明，水合蒙脱土中水分子主要存在自由水、松散吸附结合水、紧密吸附水（强吸附结合水）3种状态，分别对应于25~75 ℃、75~120 ℃、120~230 ℃区间里的失水。从热失重（25~250 ℃）规律来看，仍存在两个明显的转折点p/ps=0.9、0.98，它们为粘土-水体系的两个特征湿度，前者为粘土表面强结合水与松散结合水（渗透结合水）之间的界限，后者为松散结合水与自由水之间的界限，这验证了等温吸附法确定的两个特征湿度及对粘土表面结合水界限划分的正确性。     

Estimation of errors of hydrogen standard time scale preservation taking account of systematic frequency changes

Metrological characteristics of active hydrogen frequency standards are investigated on the basis of internal and external comparisons. The stability of random changes and drift of hydrogen frequency standards and also the potential capabilities of time scale preservation with effective consideration of systematic changes in their frequency are demonstrated. __________ Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 3. pp. 42–45, March, 2007.     

整体毡纤维体积分数对CVD增密的影响

将3组不同纤维体积分数的整体毡采用等温CVD进行沉积热解炭增密,结合CVD沉积过程中整体毡内气体传质数学模型,研究了整体毡的纤维体积分数对CVD增密过程的影响,研究结果表明:纤维体积低的整体毡沉积时增重率高;纤维体积分数高的整体毡容易获得较高密度的C/C复合材料;纤维体积分数超过35％的整体毡经过300 h的化学气相沉积,坯体的体积密度能达到1.52 g/cm~3。     

用测井资料预测储层的润湿性

岩心电性及润湿性实验测量结果表明，润湿性对阿尔奇饱和度指数n有很大影响。通过引入相对润湿指数，发现阿尔奇饱和度指数n的对数与相润湿指数之间存在很好的线性关系，为利用饱和度指数预测储层的润湿性提供了依据。同时使用电磁波传播测井和微球形聚焦电阻率测井求出饱和度指数随地层深度的变化曲线，预测储层的润湿性。现场井资料处理结果表明，该方法能快速直观显示不同深度处储层润湿性的变化。     

大型桁架展开机构热控涂层设计和热变形分析

为控制大型桁架展开机构在低地轨道(Low Earth Orbit,LEO)上的热变形,建立相应的热分析有限元模型,提出3种热控涂层备选方案.根据不同方案计算出机构在LEO上运行4个周期的瞬态温度场,并以最后一个周期的瞬态温度场为基础计算机构的热变形.对热变形的结果进行比较,选取变形值最小的热控涂层方案进行优化,使3根主梁的温差达到最小,从而有效控制桁架展开机构的热变形.     

基于相对熵的KNN文本分类方法的研究

摘要:为提高处理文本相似度的效果,提出了一种基于相对熵度量文本差异的KNN算法.该算法首先对文本进行预处理(分字与删去停用字)和构建特征字字典; 然后计算训练集中所有文本特征字的概率,并组成训练集(特征字概率矩阵); 最后计算预测文本的特征字概率向量,并通过计算和统计K个预测文本与训练集文本间相对熵最小的文本类别个数后将数目最多的类别作为测试样本的类别.实验结果表明,该算法的分类效果不仅显著优于传统KNN、SVM、Decision Tree、朴素Bayes算法的分类效果,且在小样本数据情况下     

相对压强对白炭黑氮吸附表面积测试稳定性的影响

研究相对压强对白炭黑氮吸附表面积测试稳定性的影响。结果表明:在相同液氮纯度、脱气温度、脱气时间、氮吸附点数量条件下,与相对压强范围为0.05~0.1时相比,相对压强范围为0.05~0.2时白炭黑的氮吸附表面积测量值偏低,且差值随氮吸附表面积的增大呈增大趋势;相对压强范围较小时,氮吸附表面积测试结果的线性相关因数较大,再现性较好,测试结果较稳定。     

西江流域压咸风险调度及其时空传递规律研究

枯水期珠江河口咸潮情势日益加重,径流不确定加剧了压咸风险,严重威胁沿线的供水安全。本文基于概率密度分布描述径流不确定性,构建了单源风险调度基本框架。以西江流域五座水库为研究对象,量化了预报误差与压咸风险的响应关系;揭示了压咸风险的时空传递规律;将压咸风险划分为3个等级;确定出各级风险越级传递的临界阈值。研究表明：随预报误差的增大,压咸风险提前且持续天数增加、风险率增大;压咸风险呈逐时段累积和从上游向下游、从支流向干流的时空传递规律;当预报误差超过±16%、±21%时,压咸风险从轻险越级至中险、中险越级至重险。研究成果对于西江流域压咸风险的调控和粤港澳大湾区的供水安全具有重要的应用价值。