Following on from the work of Anabtawi et al. (2003), this study examined how the volumetric liquid-phase mass transfer coefficient, kLa, of oxygen in air in three-phase spout-fluid beds was affected by varying the system parameters of bed height, bed diameter, gas velocity, and liquid velocity. The liquid used was 0.1% CMC solution, displaying a pseudo-plastic rheology, with 1.75 mm glass spheres as packing. The values of the Sherwood number were lower than in previous studies (Anabtawi et al., 2003), in the range 9,000-186,000. Gas velocity had a similar effect on kLa as in a bubble column, with results also giving good agreement with previous work on two-phase and three-phase spouted bed systems. The correlation obtained for the effect of liquid velocity on kLa compared well with that of Schumpe et al. (1989). An increase in the height of packing increased kLa to the power of 0.319, with an increase in column diameter also causing an increase in kLa, which is in agreement with the results of Akita and Yoshida (1973). 相似文献
In numerical simulation of quenching process, the boundary conditions of temperature field and stress field are very important, in which the boundary conditions of temperature field are very complicated. In order to simulate the thermal strains, thermal stresses, residual stresses and microstructure of the steel during gas quenching by means of the numerical method, it is necessary to obtain an accurate boundary condition of temperature field. The surface heat-transfer coefficient is a key parameter. The explicit finite difference method, non-linear estimate method and the experimental relation between temperature and time during quenching have been used to solve the inverse problem of heat conduction. The relationships between surface temperature and surface heat-transfer coefficient of cylinder have been given. The non-linear surface heat-transfer coefficients include the coupled effects between phase transformation and temperature. In calculation, physical properties were treated as the function of temperature and volume fraction of constituent. The results obtained have been shown that this technique can determine effectual the surface heat-transfer coefficients during gas quenching. 相似文献
Journal bearing materials are required to have special characteristics such as compatibility with rubbing interface materials, embeddability for particles and wear debris, conformability to accommodate misalignment, thermal and corrosion resistance. Although white metals or babbitt metals used in most journal bearing have almost the required characteristics, they have possibility of seizure between the bearing material and the journal when the oil film is broken.
In this study, a hybrid composite journal bearing composed of carbon fiber reinforced phenolic composite liner and metal backing was manufactured to solve the seizure problem of metallic journal bearing materials because the carbon fiber has self-lubricating ability and the phenolic resin has thermal resistance characteristics. To estimate the wear resistance of carbon fiber phenolic composite, wear tests were performed at several pressures and velocities. The oil absorption characteristics, coefficient of thermal expansion, strength and stiffness of the composite were also tested. Using the measured stiffness values, the thermal residual stresses in the composite were calculated to check the reliability of the composite journal bearing. 相似文献
Three methods are proposed for determining the diffusion coefficient D for several substances in vivo. The results are discussed along with the prospects for using chemical biosensors for examining the variations in D produced by external physical factors (vortex magnetic fields). 相似文献
When tin oxide is doped with Sb2O3 and CoO, it shows highly nonlinear current (I)-voltage (V) characteristics. Addition of CoO leads to creation of oxygen vacancies and helps in sintering of SnO2. Antimony oxide acts as a donor and increases the conductivity. The results are nearly the same when antimony oxide is replaced
by tantalum oxide. The observed nonlinear coefficient, α = 30 and the breakdown voltage is 120 V/mm. 相似文献