对等网环境下一种安全有效的信誉体制

提出一种基于公钥体制的安全有效的分布式信誉体制。定义了存储客户端信息的客户证书CCert和存储信誉信息的信誉证书RCert;采用与现有信誉查询方式不同的混和式查询,保证了信誉查询的有效性和安全性;同时生成最近时戳来保障信誉信息的实时性。此外,本体制还具有信誉信息的完整性、不可否认性、防合谋、防报复等特性,从而更好地提高对等网的可用性。     

认知无线电网络中基于动态信誉机制的频谱分配策略研究

认知无线电技术作为一种新型频谱共享技术而成为近年来研究的热点。如何确保频谱共享中资源分配的合理性和可靠性是认知无线电技术所面临的一个新的挑战。通过对认知用户不同情况下可能采取行为的分析和研究,提出一种结合VCG机制和主观逻辑理论的基于动态信誉机制的频谱分配策略。该策略能保证认知用户在理性的情况下提供真实的申请资源信息而对用户的非理性行为采取有效地控制。同时根据策略设计相应算法。仿真结果表明该算法能够有效地防止用户在申请资源时的欺骗行为以提高频谱利用率,并且能够减轻用户的非理性行为对系统造成的影响。      

基于分布式信誉评价的低能耗安全定位算法

针对无线传感器网络中节点安全定位和能耗问题,提出了一种基于分布式信誉评价的低能耗安全定位算法。该算法引入簇头节点中可靠节点表(TNT)和备份簇头节点的概念,通过查找TNT快速定位可靠信标节点,并且备份簇头节点协助、监督簇头节点,减轻簇头节点的工作负荷,且参与信标节点信誉值整合过程,增强了信标节点的可靠性和完整性,提高了节点定位的效率和安全性,降低了系统能耗,提高了恶意节点检测率。仿真实验表明,在恶意节点存在的环境中,该算法能有效提高恶意节点的检测率,减少定位误差,削弱恶意节点对定位系统的破坏和影响,实现节点的安全定位。     

基于活跃度的众包工作者信誉模型

针对现有众包系统不能有效地控制众包交互过程中工作者的活跃积极性和任务完成质量的问题,提出了一种基于活跃度的工作者信誉模型来实现众包平台的质量控制。该模型改进了平均信誉模型,从工作者活跃度和历史信誉值的角度提出了活跃因子和历史因子的概念。首先根据众包工作者最近30 d内参与众包活动的天数计算工作者的活跃因子;然后根据历史因子计算众包工作者的历史信誉值;最后根据计算出来的活跃因子和历史信誉值计算基于活跃度的工作者信誉值,以衡量众包工作者的工作能力。理论分析和测试实验结果表明：与平均信誉模型相比,根据基于活跃度的工作者信誉模型选取的众包工作者在任务完成质量上提高了4.95%,在任务完成时间上减少了25.33%;与基于证据理论信任模型相比,在任务完成质量上提高了6.63%,在任务完成时间上减少了25.11%。实验结果表明,基于活跃度的工作者信誉模型在实际众包项目中能够有效提高众包任务的完成质量,减少众包任务的完成时间。     

The Advantages of Designing Adaptive Business Agents Using Reputation Modeling Compared to the Approach of Recursive Modeling

Adaptive business agents operate in electronic marketplaces, learning from past experiences to make effective decisions on behalf of their users. How best to design these agents is an open question. In this article, we present an approach for the design of adaptive business agents that uses a combination of reinforcement learning and reputation modeling. In particular, we take into account the fact that multiple selling agents may offer the same good with different qualities, and that selling agents may alter the quality of their goods. We also consider the possibility of dishonest agents in the marketplace. Our buying agents exploit the reputation of selling agents to avoid interaction with the disreputable ones, and therefore to reduce the risk of purchasing low value goods. We then experimentally compare the performance of our agents with those designed using a recursive modeling approach. We are able to show that agents designed according to our algorithms achieve better performance in terms of satisfaction and computational time and as such are well suited for the design of electronic marketplaces.     

Review on Computational Trust and Reputation Models

The scientific research in the area of computational mechanisms for trust and reputation in virtual societies is a recent discipline oriented to increase the reliability and performance of electronic communities. Computer science has moved from the paradigm of isolated machines to the paradigm of networks and distributed computing. Likewise, artificial intelligence is quickly moving from the paradigm of isolated and non-situated intelligence to the paradigm of situated, social and collective intelligence. The new paradigm of the so called intelligent or autonomous agents and multi-agent systems (MAS) together with the spectacular emergence of the information society technologies (specially reflected by the popularization of electronic commerce) are responsible for the increasing interest on trust and reputation mechanisms applied to electronic societies. This review wants to offer a panoramic view on current computational trust and reputation models.     

加快发展稳步推进建设和谐的"大强富"葛洲坝集团

葛洲坝集团已走过35年不平凡的历程,近10年来,解放思想,博击市场,直面挑战,取得了显著的成就。在新形势下,葛洲坝人抓住机遇,加快第二次创业步伐,大力推进以建筑施工为主业的承包商向既是承包商又是投资商、开发商的转变,大力推进由单纯的劳务型施工企业向技术与知识密集型、管理型企业转变,大力推进由保稳定为主要目标的安置型企业向既保稳定更追求利润最大化的经济效益型企业转变,着力建设和谐的“大强富”葛洲坝集团。     

Reputation as a moderator of political behavior-work outcomes relationships: A two-study investigation with convergent results.

Personal reputation has been acknowledged to have an important influence on work outcomes. However, substantive research has been relatively scarce to date. The 2-study research plan reported here supports reputation's role as a moderator of the relationships between political behavior and the work outcomes of uncertainty, emotional exhaustion, and job performance ratings (i.e., self- and supervisor report). The 1st investigation contained both a pilot study, which was undertaken to demonstrate the consistency of self- and others' perceptions of reputation, and a test of the substantive relationships. The 2nd study served as a constructive replication of the hypothesized relationships. Supporting prior research, Study 1 demonstrated that self-reports of personal reputation were significantly related to peer report. In each study, political behavior was associated with decreased uncertainty and emotional exhaustion and increased job performance ratings for individuals with a favorable reputation. Conversely, political behavior predicted increased uncertainty and emotional exhaustion and decreased job performance ratings for individuals with an unfavorable reputation. Implications of these results, strengths and limitations, and directions for future research are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

试析商誉的确认和计价

商誉作为诸多因素相互作用的结果,是一项不可确指或不能单独辨认的无形资产,但其反映了整个企业的价值和企业可辨认资产减去所有负债的差额,也反映了企业未来超额收益的现值.通过案例分析,探讨了不可明辨的无形资产商誉的确认和计价.     

Investigating the effect of online and offline reputation on the provision of online counseling services: A case study of the Internet hospitals in China

The sustainable development of Internet hospitals and e-health platforms relies on the participation of patients and physicians, especially on the provision of health counseling services by physicians. The objective of our study is to explore the factors motivating Chinese physicians to provide online health counseling services from the perspectives of their online and offline reputation. We collect the data of 141029 physicians from 6173 offline hospitals located in 350 cities in China. Based on the reputation theory and previous studies, we incorporate patients’ feedback as physicians’ online reputation and incorporate physicians’ offline professional status as physicians’ offline reputation. Results show that physicians’ online reputation significantly and positively influence their online counseling behaviors, whereas physicians’ offline reputation significantly and negatively influence their online counseling behaviors. We conclude that physician’s online and offline reputations show a competitive and substitute relationship rather than a complementary relationship in influencing physicians to provide online counseling services in Internet hospitals. One possible explanation for the substitute relationship could be the constraints of limited time and effort of physicians.