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171.
Quantification of response time in poly(vinyl alcohol)–metal complex thermochromic polymeric systems
Thermochromic poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)‐based material was synthesized and an extensive study of its thermochromic behavior with respect to response time was carried out. It was observed that it is possible to manipulate the response time by keeping control over chemical and physical parameters. The response time, which is the most important property of a smart material, has in this case been found to be very much influenced by rate of heat transfer into the material. Different compositions of the thermochromic material and their corresponding response time with respect to rate of heat transfer were studied and correlated. First, a theoretical equation was derived and later on it was experimentally verified to quantify the response time in PVA–metal complex‐based thermochromic systems. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 4832–4834, 2006 相似文献
172.
Amy?Richards Chakra?WijesunderaEmail author Phil?Salisbury 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2005,82(12):869-874
Lipid oxidation is a major factor affecting flavor quality and shelf life of vegetable oils. Oxidative stability is therefore
an important criterion by which oils are judged for usefulness in various food applications. In this study a method based
on headspace analysis was developed to evaluate relative oxidative stability of canola oils. The method does not require the
use of chemicals, involves minimal sample preparation, and can be performed on a relatively small sample size in comparison
with traditional wet chemical methods. Canola oils freshly extracted in the laboratory from different seed samples were subjected
to accelerated oxidation and analyzed for PV by standard methods and headspace volatiles by solid phase microextraction/GC-MS.
Forward stepwise regression analysis of the data revealed a relationship between PV and headspace concentration of the volatile
lipid oxidation products hexanal and trans,trans-2,4-heptadienal. The PV calculated using this formula correlated (R
2=0.73) with those measured by conventional methods.
Presented in part at the 96th Annual Meeting of the AOCS, 1–4 May 2005, Salt Lake City, UT. 相似文献
173.
聚铝溶液pH值及盐基度的相关性研究 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
为聚铝溶液进行了PH值和盐基度的分析和估算,给出了聚铝溶液的极限PH值和极限盐基度与总溶解铝浓度的关系曲线,最终计算结果表明:在平衡条件下,聚铝溶液的PH值和盐基度具有相关性,即当基中一个参数发生变化时。另一个参数必然要发生相应的改变。 相似文献
174.
目的研究多表位DNA壳聚糖微球疫苗的体液免疫应答。方法制备多表位DNA壳聚糖微球疫苗pcD-NA3.1-HME-3C3d,经鼻腔免疫小鼠,蛋白检测微孔试剂盒检测小鼠特异性IgG抗体水平。结果经免疫的小鼠均能产生针对各表位的特异性IgG抗体,DNA壳聚糖微球疫苗的抗体水平明显高于DNA疫苗。结论壳聚糖微球疫苗投递系统可提高多表位DNA疫苗的免疫应答效果。 相似文献
175.
176.
177.
Stuart M. Barlow Anthony P. Bimbo Eric L. Miller Snorri Thorisson D. E. Walters 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1997,74(9):1077-1083
Twenty-two laboratories participated in a collaborative test to determine the iodine value (IV) of eight samples of fish oil
(four with IV<150, four with IV>150) with either carbon tetrachloride (AOCS Official Method Cd 1–25) or cyclohexane (AOCS
Recommended Practice Cd 1b-87) as solvent and either 1 or 2 h of reaction time. Laboratories received coded duplicate samples
(hidden duplicates) and carried out duplicate determinations on each oil by each solvent-time combination (open duplicates).
Replacing carbon tetrachloride with cyclohexane resulted in a lower IV (P<0.001). The decrease averaged 1.6 IV units for low-IV oils and 3.8 IV units for high-IV oils; this difference in response
of 2.2 IV units between low- and high-IV oils was significant (P<0.001). Increasing the reaction time had a relatively small effect (0.34±0.18). There was no interaction of reaction time
with solvent or oil type. Cyclohexane caused emulsions, which made it difficult to titrate residual iodine and thus increased
the variability of the determination. The repeatability standard deviations (s
r
), based on hidden duplicates, for 1-h reaction time with carbon tetrachloride and cyclohexane were 2.17 and 3.35, respectively.
The corresponding reproducibility standard deviations were 2.73 and 4.53. 相似文献
178.
The feeding and gustatory responses to ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone were investigated in the silkworm,Bombyx mori. 20-Hydroxyecdysone reduced feeding response strongly in fourth- and fifth-instar larvae, whereas ecdysone had no effect on feeding response. 20-Hydroxyecdysone stimulated the R receptor, the receptor to feeding deterrents, to a great degree. By contrast, ecdysone was much less effective for stimulating the R receptor. These results indicate that ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone have different effects on feeding response due to different interactions with mouthpart chemoreceptors. 相似文献
179.
响应面优化褶皱假丝酵母脂肪酶催化合成木质甾醇油酸酯 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以木质甾醇转化率为指标,考察了10种常见商业化脂肪酶催化合成木质甾醇油酸酯的效果,确定褶皱假丝酵母脂肪酶(CRL)为优选生物催化剂,进一步筛选出正己烷为优选反应介质.在脂肪酶用量、油酸和木质甾醇的物质的量比、反应温度和反应时间这4个单因素考察基础上,通过响应面分析法对酶催化木质甾醇油酸酯合成工艺条件进行优化,并对优化条件进行验证和放大实验.CRL催化合成木质甾醇油酸酯的优化工艺参数为:CRL添加量为木质甾醇质量的10%,油酸与木质甾醇的物质的量比为3.8:1,反应温度为46℃,反应时间为28 h,木质甾醇的转化率为91.56%±0.25%. 相似文献
180.
Soluble sugars are essential nutrients generally perceived as phagostimulants to most insects studied. However, tannins are known as digestibility reducers, hence deleterious to caterpillar development, and as deterrents as well. Previous work demonstrated that larvae of the polyphagous oblique-banded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana, performed better when reared on a control + 0.5% tannic acid diet than on the standard control diet and that larvae reared on a control + 5% glucose diet had slower development and reduced survival. This study was designed to elucidate the behavioral and neurophysiological components of the larval responses to tannic acid and glucose. C. rosaceana larvae were reared individually from the first to the sixth instar on one of four different artificial diets: (1) control; (2) control + 5% glucose; (3) control + 0.5% tannic acid; (4) control + 5% glucose + 0.5% tannic acid. After 14 days, larvae reared on the control + 5% glucose diet had not developed past the fourth instar, whereas a considerable proportion of larvae reared on the control + 0.5% tannic acid diet had already attained the pupal stage. Insects reared on the control or the control + 5% glucose + 0.5% tannic acid diet had intermediate development, with most larvae in the fifth instar. In addition, once the mid-sixth instar was reached, the feeding preferences to 25 and 300 mM glucose, 25 mM tannic acid, and 25 mM glucose + 25 mM tannic acid over water were assessed in two-choice tests. Feeding affected preference. Control-reared insects preferred feeding on treatments containing glucose and were not deterred by tannic acid. However, larvae that had been exposed to tannic acid during their development were deterred by tannic acid and their glucose discrimination was impaired. The sensitivity to glucose was also examined from neurophysiological recordings by stimulating the sugar-sensitive cell (cell 1) on the lateral styloconic sensillum of the maxillary galea with increasing concentrations of glucose (1, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, 300, and 500 mM). We also determined whether tannic acid was phagostimulatory, since insects develop relatively quickly on a diet containing this compound, by testing 1 mM tannic acid, 1 mM tannic acid + 300 mM glucose, and 300 mM glucose on the lateral styloconic sensilla. The traces indicated that 1 mM tannic acid was not detected by any of the four chemosensory cells in these sensilla. The combination of tannic acid and glucose produced no spikes from the sugar-sensitive cell, whereas a prominent spike activity resulted with 300 mM glucose. We concluded that, although C. rosaceana larvae develop faster on a tannic acid diet, this compound is not a phagostimulant. The converse is true for glucose; i.e., it stimulates the sugar-sensitive cell in the lateral styloconica in a concentration-dependent fashion. Previous dietary experience changes the sensory and behavioral responses of C. rosaceana to glucose. Our findings imply that not all compounds that are phagostimulatory are necessarily beneficial to an insect's fitness. Therefore, developmental studies should be interpreted in conjunction with behavioral and physiological data. 相似文献