变转速下滚动轴承的阶频谱相关域微弱故障特征增强与提取

滚动轴承是旋转机械常用且故障率较高的部件之一,其故障的及时发现,对于设备安全、稳定运行具有重要意义。滚动轴承的早期故障特征十分微弱,容易被强背景噪声干扰所掩盖。同时,滚动轴承往往在变转速工况下运行,故障特征的时变特性导致特征提取较为困难。针对上述问题,提出一种变转速下滚动轴承的阶频谱相关(OFSC)域微弱故障特征增强与提取方法。首先,利用变转速下滚动轴承故障信号的角度时间域循环平稳特性,将故障信号转换到阶频谱相关域。然后,采用鲁棒主成分分析(RPCA)的低秩稀疏分解方法,将轴承振动信号的阶频谱相关矩阵分解为表征轴承故障特征的稀疏成分,并去除表征噪声的低秩成分,进一步提高稀疏分量的分辨率。最后对分解出的稀疏分量构建增强包络阶次谱(EEOS)来检测滚动轴承的故障特征。仿真和实验分析验证了该方法对于变转速工况轴承微弱故障特征增强和提取的有效性和鲁棒性。     

Agent-based time delay margin in consensus of multi-agent systems by an event-triggered control method: Concept and computation

This paper deals with defining the concept of agent-based time delay margin and computing its value in multi-agent systems controlled by event-triggered based controllers. The agent-based time delay margin specifying the time delay tolerance of each agent for ensuring consensus in event-triggered controlled multi-agent systems can be considered as complementary for the concept of (network) time delay margin, which has been previously introduced in some literature. In this paper, an event-triggered control method for achieving consensus in multi-agent systems with time delay is considered. It is shown that the Zeno behavior is excluded by applying this method. Then, in a multi-agent system controlled by the considered event-triggered method, the concept of agent-based time delay margin in the presence of a fixed network delay is defined. Moreover, an algorithm for computing the value of the time delay margin for each agent is proposed. Numerical simulation results are also provided to verify the obtained theoretical results.     

Adaptive prescribed time control for quadrotor formation with stochastic links failure

The formation control for multiple quadrotors subject to maintaining the formation configuration and collision avoidance in the situation of stochastic links failure is investigated in this paper. First, the distributed formation controller is designed, the position controller is developed to manage the desired formation of position, and the attitude controller is developed to control the translation and rotation movements of the quadrotor. Then, in order to avoid the collisions between multiple quadrotors and the obstacles, a potential energy function method is introduced into the quadrotor formation control combined with the nest adaptive control. Inspired by the design of event trigger controller, a communication compensation controller is designed to ensure the stability of quadrotor formation under the condition of random communication interruption and recovery. Moreover, a prescribed time function is designed, which means the convergence time of the formation system can be set in advance. The prescribed time stability of the formation control system is proved by Lyapunov theory. Finally, the simulation results verify the effectiveness and superiority of this method.     

基于 Lamb 波能量和飞行时间的碳纤维复合材料 疲劳损伤成像

碳纤维复合材料被广泛应用于航空航天等高新技术领域,其在服役过程中会产生疲劳损伤,埋下安全隐患,因此需要对其健康状况进行监测,利用损伤概率成像算法能够得到直观反映结构健康状况的图像,但传统的损伤概率成像算法在无损伤区域的损伤概率高,难以准确定位损伤,针对以上问题,提出基于Lamb波能量和飞行时间的损伤概率成像算法。将待测区域均匀划分成N个像素点,计算每条通道的Lamb波能量与飞行时间损伤因子,确定各通道损伤因子影响区域的概率值并叠加,得到每个像素点的损伤概率并成像。实验结果表明,与目前常用的基于能量损伤因子和互相关损伤因子的损伤概率成像算法进行对比,提出的方法能够直观地反映碳纤维复合材料缺陷情况,并且识别效果更优,成像误差显著减小,误差error分别降低了4.420、2.117、2.055和4.732、2.380、2.647,能够更准确地识别缺陷,有效地保障碳纤维复合材料结构的安全应用。     

mRMR 特征筛选和随机森林的故障诊断方法研究

针对滚动轴承原始振动信号重要特征信息被较强背景噪声淹没以及提取的时域特征冗余度较高、相关性较强的缺点,提出一种基于最大相关-最小冗余(max-relevance and min-redundancy, mRMR)特征筛选和随机森林的滚动轴承故障诊断研究方法。首先将原始信号进行自适应噪声完整集成经验模态分解(CEEMDAN)得到一系列固有模态分量(IMFs),分析IMF并去掉高频噪声和一部分虚假分量,再将信号进行重构并提取其时域特征,通过mRMR去除冗余性和相关性较高的特征向量,使筛选出的特征子集与标签有最大的依赖性,最后将该特征子集输入到随机森林分类器进行分类。实验表明,mRMR具有优良的特征搜索策略,重要特征均靠前得到选取,仅需3个特征便能达到较高的分类准确率,效率高于其余特征选择算法。     

智能手机能耗多目标优化机制研究

智能手机的网络请求导致其续航能力下降,合并转发技术可有效降低能耗,但设置最优的合并转发时间仍是技术发展的关键,通过大量人工实验解决该问题耗时耗力。因此,基于统计模型检验,使用工具UPPAAL-SMC,以概率时间自动机对安卓设备中用户请求以及WiFi模块进行仿真建模,量化能耗、延迟、用户满意度等属性,进而利用统计模型检验,对不同请求频率的场景进行蒙特卡洛模拟,获得延迟对能耗以及用户满意度的影响。最终进行多目标优化,求得通用最优合并转发延迟时间为22 s,在满足用户体验的前提下平均降低了20%的能耗。该方法可在不同的使用场景下模拟得到通用最优合并转发延迟时间,为开发者提供参考。     

LCL型并网逆变器临界无源阻尼参数设计

LCL滤波器因其良好的滤波性能被广泛应用于并网逆变器系统中。然而,LCL滤波器的固有谐振特性以及数字控制延时会严重危及系统稳定性。为提高系统鲁棒性,工程上通常采用无源阻尼方法以抑制滤波器谐振。由于滤波器谐振问题受多种因素影响,阻尼电阻的选取标准通常是模糊的。为准确、高效地设计阻尼电阻,文章结合阻尼电阻与滤波电容串联和与滤波电容并联两种典型无源阻尼方法,推导分析了“临界阻尼”指标。当系统阻尼大于临界阻尼时,LCL滤波器幅频特性曲线上的谐振峰被完全抑制,同时以最少的无源阻尼损耗为代价,充分保证了基于LCL滤波器的并网逆变器系统稳定性。此外,文章在PLECS软件中进行三相并网逆变器系统仿真,仿真结果验证了理论分析的有效性和正确性。     

Volt-VAR control for distribution networks with high penetration of DGs: An overview

Continuously improving the ability to accept distributed renewable energies is the trend of future grid development, and a large number of papers have been published in recent years to study the problem of Volt-VAR control (VVC) for distribution networks with high penetration of distributed generations. This paper summarizes the relevant modeling and solution methods for VVC problems, mainly including VVC based on multiple time scales, hierarchical partitioning, multi-stage and network reconstruction, in conjunction with the operational characteristics of distribution networks containing distributed renewable energies; meanwhile, it analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of traditional optimization methods, heuristic intelligent algorithms and random variable processing methods used to solve VVC problems, and then introduces the application of model-free deep reinforcement learning as a latest decision method in VVC of distribution networks. Most of the models and methods compiled in this article are from the research results of the last three years and have some reference value.     

异步电机低速电制动控制

阐述了异步电机电制动的控制策略;分析实际应用中低速电制动转矩出现偏差的原因,并通过MATLAB绘制出当定向角度出现偏差时给定转矩与实际转矩在三维空间中的比例关系。为解决低速电制动时由于转子磁场定向偏差引起电机转矩不准的问题,采用基于无功功率模型的转子时间常数自适应控制进行校正。试验结果表明该控制策略可以实现校正转子磁场定向偏差的功能,具有良好的动态性能,可以满足地铁列车的性能要求。     

脱硫废水旋转喷雾蒸发与旁路烟道蒸发特性研究

针对旋转喷雾和旁路烟道两类高温旁路烟气蒸发技术工艺,开展脱硫废水蒸发特性对比实验,结合可视化荧光示踪法及单液滴蒸发试验研究了废水雾滴在高温烟气中的蒸发过程,分析了烟气温度及烟气停留时间对蒸发性能的影响,并比较了两类废水蒸发工艺的差异。结果表明：脱硫废水液滴接触热烟气后将迅速失去表面自由水分,表面成壳固化为半干颗粒;旋转喷雾蒸发塔内主蒸发区域温度迅速降低,提高烟气温度有助于提升蒸发效率,降低出口灰分含水率;通过适当增大干燥塔尺寸,延长高温烟气在干燥塔内停留时间,可提升热量利用率,实现低气液比条件下的蒸发干燥;两类旁路蒸发工艺相比,旋转喷雾蒸发因雾化效果较好、气液混合均匀,蒸发性能略优于旁路烟道工艺。