Sogatella furcifera Saliva Mucin-like Protein Is Required for Feeding and Induces Rice Defences

The white-backed planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera, is one of the most important piercing-sucking pests of rice (Oryza sativa) in Asia. Mucin-like salivary protein (SFMLP) is highly expressed in the salivary glands of WBPH, which plays an important role in WBPH feeding. In this study, WBPH injected with dsSFMLP had difficulty in sucking phloem sap from rice plants, which significantly reduced their food intake, weight, and survival. In contrast, the knockdown of the SFMLP gene had only a marginal effect on the survival of WBPH fed an artificial diet. Further studies showed that silencing SFMLP resulted in the short and single-branched salivary sheaths secretion and less formation of salivary flanges in rice. These data suggest that SFMLP is involved in the formation of the salivary sheath and is essential for feeding in WBPH. Overexpression of the SFMLP gene in rice plants promoted the feeding of WBPH, whereas silencing the gene in rice plants significantly decreased WBPH performance. Additionally, it was found that overexpression of SFMLP in rice plants elicited the signalling pathway of SA (salicylic acid) while suppressing JA (jasmonic acid); in contrast, silencing of the SFMLP gene in rice plants showed the opposite results. This study clarified the function of SFMLP in WBPH feeding as well as mediating rice defences.     

Uncovering Hierarchical Regulation among MYB-bHLH-WD40 Proteins and Manipulating Anthocyanin Pigmentation in Rice

Anthocyanins accumulate in various organs of rice, and the regulatory genes involved in pigmentation of specific organs, such as pericarp, hull, leaf, apiculus, and stigma have been elucidated. However, the corresponding gene for rice culm pigmentation has not been clarified. The well-known MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) complex plays vital role in regulating the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in plants. However, the core members of MBW and the hierarchical regulation between these members are not fully elucidated in rice. Here, by map-based cloning, we identified the culm-specific pigmentation gene S1 whose alleles are also known for hull/pericarp pigmentation. We also clarified that one WD40 protein encoding gene, WA1, is indispensable for anthocyanin biosynthesis in rice. In the cascading regulation among MBW members, S1 (bHLH) acts as the master gene by activating the expression of C1 (MYB), and then C1 activates the expression of WA1 (WD40), which is unique in plant species. This enables MBW members to be coordinated in a common way to efficiently regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. Based on these studies, we explored the minimal gene set required for anthocyanin biosynthesis in rice. These findings will help us design new rice varieties with anthocyanin accumulation in specific organs as needed.     

一种区域分离方法及其在米粒检测中的应用

针对计算机视觉技术中米粒靠接在一起不利于大米的分级检测,采用图像处理分离靠接在一起的米粒融合区域,提出了基于扫描式区域增长的区域分离方法。该方法充分利用了单个米粒图像区域为凸性区域这一几何特点,通过区域增长的方法在图像中寻找由凸性米粒靠接在一起所形成的融合凹性区,并从凹处将融合区域分离开来。由于利用了米粒区域的几何特征来分离融合米粒区域,因此分离工作的自适应性强。大米垩白粒率的检测实验结果表明：该方法分离融合米粒区域的成功率达到了100％,而且检测结果与人工检测结果基本一致。     

5种稻田突眼隐翅虫触角感器的超微结构研究

本文利用扫描电镜对小黑突眼隐翅虫Stenus melanarius、瘦突眼隐翅虫S.tenuipes、黑胫足突眼隐翅虫S.macies、虎突眼隐翅虫S.cicindeloides和阑氏突眼隐翅虫S.lewisius等5种稻田突眼隐翅虫雌、雄成虫的触角感器进行了观察和比较研究.结果表明,5种突眼隐翅虫的触角感器类型基本相同,均有5种感器,其中毛形感器和锥形感器又分为3个亚型:即B?hm氏鬃毛、毛形感器(毛形感器1、毛形感器2、毛形感器3)、刺形感器、锥形感器(锥形感器1、锥形感器2、锥形感器3)和栓锥形感器,同种感器形态相似;各种感器在触角上的分布相对稳定,具有一定规律;感器的分布、数量在种间及雌、雄两性间无显著差异.因此,触角感器可能不宜作为突眼隐翅虫种类鉴定的依据之一.     

空时编码在莱斯信道下精确成对误码率公式

文中针对研究空时编码误码率的需要,得出了空时编码系统在莱斯信道下新的精确的误码率公式,该式可以看作是把现有的结果从瑞利信道推广到了莱斯信道。     

基于激光诱导击穿光谱积分信号的水稻种子鉴别研究

基于LIBS技术结合BP神经网络技术,对6类水稻种子进行类型鉴别研究.对水稻种子的LIBS全谱和分段光谱进行积分,再输入BP神经网络,得到:全谱积分前的识别率为81.02％,积分后识别率为93.40％,识别率提高12.38％;分段光谱积分后识别效果较好的是中心波长为405 nm、570 nm、810 nm的光谱,将这三...     

Effect of steam distillate extract of resistant wild riceOryza officinalis on behavior of brown planthopperNilaparvata lugens (Stal) (Homoptera: Delphacidae)

Rice plant volatiles extracted as steam distillates significantly affected the behavior of the brown planthopperNilaparvata lugens (Stal). In a choice test, significantly more females settled and fed on tillers of a susceptible rice variety, Taichung Native 1 (TN 1), sprayed with acetone or untreated TN 1 plants than on TN 1 tillers sprayed with the extracts of resistant wild riceOryza officinalis. O. officinalis steam distillate was highly toxic to first-instar nymphs ofN. lugens. Ingestion and assimilation of food by females was significantly reduced on TN 1 plants sprayed withO. officinalis distillate compared to TN 1 plants sprayed with acetone. Application of0. officinalis distillate on TN 1 plants adversely affected hatchability of eggs ofN. lugens.     

Lowland rice response to potassium fertilization and its effect on N and P uptake

Not much is known about the response of lowland rice to K fertilization under Brazilian conditions. A field experiment was conducted during four consecutive years to determine the response of three lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars to K fertilization on a Low Humic Gley soil. In the first two years, K was broadcast at rates of 0, 42, 84, 126, and 168 kg K ha^–1. In the last two years K rates were reduced to 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 kg K ha^–1 and applied in a band. Potassium significantly (P < 0.01) increased grain yields but the response varied from cultivar to cultivar and year to year. Yield responses to K fertilization were superimposed on a general trend of increasing grain yields across the four growing seasons. Mean grain yields increased 14.3% with broadcast application of K in the first two years and 10.4% with banded application of K in the last two years when compared to the control treatments. Extractable soil K increased with K application rate and decreased with soil depth. Potassium was rapidly removed from the soil and yearly broadcast or banded application of K can be expected to result in a significant increase in grain yield of lowland rice in these soils.     

地空信道传输特性与技术分析

从地空通信的原理出发,分析了地空通信的通信覆盖能力与空中平台升空高度以及天线仰角的关系,给出了地面反射二径模型,分析了地空信道的衰落特性、误码性能以及在分集接收条件下的误码性能改善,并进行了相应的仿真,给出了相应的仿真结果。仿真结果表明地空通信信道的衰落十分明显,对信息传输性能造成不可忽视的影响,并且在低莱斯因子条件下,采用分集接收技术可有效对抗信道衰落,且对传输误码性能有明显改善,这些结论对今后的工程设计与实现提供重要参考和指导。