不同插秧量对东北杂交稻与常规稻产量结构的影响

对东北杂交稻与常规稻的产量形成过程和产量结构进行了分析。结果表明：杂交稻比常规稻增产的主要原因在于杂交稻的经济系数显高于常规稻，这主要得益于杂交稻后期光合产物向籽粒的转移率较高。在产量结构上，杂交稻的穗粒数多、千粒重大，但穗粒数的优势主要来源于二次枝梗，这也造成了杂交稻的结实率偏低，成为限制杂交稻产量潜力发挥的瓶颈。进一步发挥杂交稻的杂种优势，需要从提高后期光合能力和提高结实率两方面人手。杂交稻与常规稻有各自适宜的栽培方式，插单苗有利于提高杂交稻的平均穗重、千粒重、结实率，并最终使产量提高；而插3苗更适于常规稻生产力的发挥。     

大穗型超级杂交粳稻辽优3072产量结构及灌浆特性研究

对北方大穗型超级杂交粳稻辽优3072进行了产量结构和灌浆特性的研究。结果表明：辽优3072在产量结构上表现出了较强的杂交优势，比对照辽粳294增产明显。辽优3072在灌浆上的特点为穗上、中、下各部间干物质充实及灌浆速率差异较小：穗下部灌浆启动早，后期灌浆速率大；整穗表现出较强的持续灌浆能力。辽优3072良好的籽粒灌浆特性是其在产量上表现出超高产的生理基础之一。同时探讨了利用水稻杂交优势选育具有特异灌浆特性的杂交组合的育种思路以及在北方冷凉稻区推广大穗型超级杂交粳稻品种的可能性。     

大米淀粉理化指标对其回生特性的影响

利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)对8种大米淀粉的回生特性进行了研究,通过SPSS软件对大米淀粉的理化指标与回生特性的相关性进行了分析 试验结果表明:大米淀粉的回生主要是由支链淀粉的重结晶引起 直链淀粉的含量与支链淀粉重结晶成核速率有显著正相关,但与支链淀粉最终重结晶程度没有显著相关 因此可以推断直链淀粉通过参与支链淀粉晶核的形成来影响支链淀粉的重结晶过程,但不参与支链淀粉后期晶体的生长和稳定     

稻米中的脂类

综述了近年来国内外对稻米脂类及与稻米脂类有关的酶研究的新进展，以求对稻米脂类及稻米脂类与稻米品质的关系有较全面的认识。     

以稻壳为原料制取氟硅酸钠

稻壳燃烧后的灰分中含硅酸酐和无定形硅达９５％，与萤石粉充分混合，在浓硫酸的作用下生成气态ＳｉＦ４和硫酸钙ＳｉＦ４经水吸收得固相硅胶和氟硅酸溶液，氟硅酸溶液与食盐作用生成氟硅酸钠和盐酸，因过程中的中间产品为气相，故最终产品的纯度一步可达９９％，收率为６２％，本法对以稻壳为燃料装置中灰渣的利用有很大的意义。     

日本大米食味理化学测定

大米食味的理化学测定，是对大米食味的科学分析和判定。本文从日本现有研究成果中，总结简述了日本有关大米食味理化学测定的测定指标和测定方法，并介绍了它们与感观性检查的相关性。     

水稻气力抛秧原理与方案研究

在对国内外水稻钵苗移植机械综合分析的基础上提出了气力抛秧的原理，并进行了方案设计和研究。结果表明，气力抛秧原理是可行的，能有效地解决目前机械抛秧存在的问题。     

Concrete with Highly Active Rice Husk Ash

The overall aim was to investtgate the effect of highly active husk ash (RHA) produced by an industrial furnace on some properties of concrete. The strength, pore volume and pore distribution of concrete and the Ca(OH)2 content in concrete were investigated by JIS A 1108 ( Method of test for compressive strength of concrete), a mercury instrument porosimeter, and the thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. The results show that, with RHA replacement of cement , the compressive strength of concrete is increased evidently;the average pore radius of concrete is greatly decreased, especially the portion of the pores greater than 20nm in radius is decreased while the amount, of smaller pores is increased, and the more the RHA replacement, the less the amount of Ca(OH)2 in concrete. The latter two results are the main reasons for the strength enhancement of concrete.     

原子吸收法测定水稻土壤中锌锰微量元素

锌、锰两种微量元素是有机体中不可缺少的,因此测定土壤中锌、锰含量,对农作物生长尤为重要。本文采用原子吸收光谱法,对丹东水稻主产区即东港地区的淹育型水稻土、沼泽型水稻土和盐渍型水稻土进行锌、锰含量的测定。为水稻的种植和生产提供参考依据。     

Swelling Pressure of Wet Rice Grains Estimated from Distribution Coefficients of Saccharides

The apparent density and porosity of four rice cultivars, Koshihikari, Yumepirika, Habutaemochi, and Kitayukimochi, decreased and increased, respectively, with the increasing temperature in the range of 5 °C to 60 °C. Especially large changes in both apparent density and porosity were observed at 60 °C, which can be ascribed to the starch gelatinization of rice. The swelling pressures of wet rice grains were estimated to be 7.5, 6.3, 6.2, and 5.9 MPa at 25 °C for Koshihikari, Yumepirika, Habutaemochi, and Kitayukimochi, respectively, from the distribution coefficients of solutes with different molar volumes. Rice grains having higher amylose content exhibited a weak tendency toward higher swelling pressure. The distribution coefficients of fructose for the Koshihikari and Habutaemochi cultivars were larger at higher temperatures, but the temperature dependence of the swelling pressure was not significant for both cultivars. These results suggested that the increase in the distribution coefficient was caused by the gradual relaxation of the interior structure of rice with increasing temperature.