亚临界水提取热稳定脱脂米糠蛋白

利用亚临界水在不同温度（100～200 ℃）和时间（0～30 min）条件下提取热稳定脱脂米糠（heat stable defatted rice bran,HSDRB）中的蛋白质。研究在不同提取条件下提取物中蛋白质含量、总糖含量、氨基酸组成、 分子质量分布以及色差。结果表明：在提取温度175 ℃、提取时间30 min时,提取物中蛋白质及氨基酸的含量最 高,分别为50%和48.6 mg/g HSDRB;在此条件下,氨基酸具有最高的疏水性（1.8 kJ/mol）以及最高的必需氨基酸 含量（14.8 mg/g HSDRB）;温度对提取物颜色具有显著影响,L*值与提取物中蛋白质含量呈负相关关系,而a*值 与提取物中蛋白质含量呈正相关关系;提取物中的疏水性成分主要为小分子物质。     

不同贮藏期米糠制备的米糠蛋白酶解产物抗氧化性分析

为研究米糠酸败对米糠蛋白酶解产物抗氧化性的影响,以不同贮藏期米糠制备的米糠蛋白为原料,通过碱性蛋白酶水解制备米糠蛋白酶解物,研究不同贮藏期米糠制备米糠毛油和米糠蛋白氧化程度以及米糠蛋白酶解物抗氧化性。结果表明,米糠在贮藏过程中米糠脂质发生水解和氧化,米糠蛋白发生氧化,米糠蛋白二硫键和非二硫共价键参与氧化聚集体的形成。随着米糠贮藏时间的延长,米糠蛋白水解度先增加后下降,贮藏3 d后达到最大;米糠蛋白酶解液清除2,2’-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐自由基、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基、O2-·、·OH能力和金属螯合能力先增加后下降。结果显示,米糠短期贮藏会促进米糠蛋白水解,提高酶解产物的抗氧化性;米糠长期贮藏抑制米糠蛋白的水解,降低酶解产物的抗氧化性。     

不同方法提取米糠多糖工艺的优化研究

以脱脂挤压米糠为原料,采用热水浸提、超声波和高压脉冲强化提取三种不同方法提取米糠多糖。结果表明:热水浸提法、超声波法和高压脉冲法提取米糠多糖得率分别为2．02%、2．87%和2．59%。与传统热水浸提法相比较,采用超声波和高压脉冲法强化提取米糠多糖具有迅速、节能、高效、提取率高等诸多优点。     

Alcalase 2.4L FG酶解米渣蛋白动力学特性研究

采用pH-stat法对Alcalase2.4L FG酶水解米渣蛋白的动力学特性进行了比较系统探讨：（1）探讨了温度、酶浓度（[E]／[S]）、底物浓度、pH值和水解时间对水解度的影响，并确定了比较理想的工艺参数：（2）探讨了该酶催化水解米渣蛋白反应的动力学参数：Km=0．6598mol／L，Vmax=0．00351mol／min·L；（3）探讨了该酶催化水解米渣蛋白反应的初级阶段的动力学特性，为米渣的进一步开发提供理论依据。     

富铬灵芝胡萝卜挂面加工工艺研究

研究了富铬灵芝胡萝卜挂面加工过程中富铬灵芝汁、食用碱面、胡萝卜浆及食盐用量对挂面品质的影响。结果表明：影响挂面品质因素大小依次为富铬灵芝汁〉食用碱面〉胡萝卜浆〉食盐。通过正交试验设计确定了富铬胡萝卜挂面加工的最佳配方为：小麦粉100kg，富铬灵芝汁8kg，胡萝卜浆2kg，鸡蛋4kg，食用碘盐2kg，食用碱面0．15kg。     

Study on physicochemical characteristics of waxy potato starch in comparison with other waxy starches

The physicochemical properties of wx potato, wx corn, and wx rice starches were examined and compared. wx potato starch displayed the B‐type XRD pattern, whereas wx rice and wx corn displayed the A‐type. Shapes of wx potato starch were oval or slightly round, wx corn and wx rice starch granules were polygonal. AM contents of the three starches were between 1.0 and 1.5%. Rapid viscosity analyzer data showed initial pasting temperatures of wx potato, wx corn, and wx rice starches as 69.6, 75.4, and 76.8°C, respectively, peak viscosity, breakdown, and setback of wx potato starch were 2114, 1084, and 4 mPa s. Using DSC, onset temperature of gelatinization of wx potato starch was 5.5–7.2°C higher than those of wx rice and wx corn starches. The thermal enthalpies of the starches studied in our laboratory were in the range of 0.2268–1.9900 J/g with decreasing order of wx potato > wx corn > wx rice starch.     

不同地域黄酒中酸类物质差异性研究

通过高效液相色谱、气相色谱法分别测定了全国不同地区的12种黄酒中的有机酸和游离脂肪酸含量,并以9种有机酸和5种游离脂肪酸为变量进行主成分分析。结果表明:黄酒有机酸中乳酸、乙酸和柠檬酸的含量最高,占总有机酸的80%以上;前4个主成分能代表12种样品中有机酸含量85.276%的信息,因子得分真实地反映了样品的产地、原料、工艺与有机酸的关联性。黄酒中游离脂肪酸种类丰富而且总量差异大,第一主成分、第二主成分累积贡献率达61.783%、83.822%,能够较好地代表原始数据所反映的信息,第一主成分包含C18∶0、C16∶0,第二主成分包含C14∶0、C18∶1,这4种物质对黄酒整体风味的作用可分为三种,即C18∶0和C16∶0、C14∶0、C18∶1。      

巧克力米饼的研制

通过对膨化巧克力米饼的工艺特性、影响巧克力米饼质量的因素等方面的研究,将巧克力涂衣技术与膨化技术相结合,确定了最佳工艺参数,制作出涂衣巧克力米饼。     

Purification and biochemical characterisation of a novel glutamate decarboxylase from rice bran

BACKGROUND: Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) is a useful enzyme whose main function is to catalyse the irreversible α‐decarboxylation of L ‐glutamate to produce γ‐aminobutyric acid. The cheap and abundant rice‐processing by‐product rice bran contains a high amount of GAD, the purification and characterisation of which have not yet been reported. In this study, research on rice bran GAD was initiated. RESULTS: Rice bran GAD was purified to homogeneity via a combined purification protocol of ammonium sulfate fractionation, ion exchange chromatography and two gel filtrations, with a purification fold of 128.6 and an activity recovery of 21.3%. The enzyme was active at pH 5.5 and 40 °C and retained 80% of its original activity in the pH range 5–9 and the temperature range 30–50 °C. GAD activity was significantly enhanced in the presence of Ca²⁺ but strongly inhibited by Ag⁺, Hg²⁺, sodium dodecyl sulfate and CH₃COOH. Kinetic determination of the apparent K_m for L ‐glutamate and pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate gave values of 27.4 mmol L^?1 and 1.16 µmol L^?1 respectively. CONCLUSION: Considering that rice bran is cheap and commercially available and that rice bran GAD is relatively stable, the development of cost‐effective rice bran GAD‐related functional foods would seem to be feasible. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

Determination of ethyl carbamate in Chinese yellow rice wine using high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection

Ethyl carbamate (EC) is a naturally occurring component in the fermented products, especially the Chinese yellow rice wine. EC has been found showing a potential for carcinogenity and causing food safety problems. This study is to investigate the application of the existing HPLC‐FLD method to the analysis of EC in Chinese yellow rice wine, and to validate it for EC analysis with high through‐out and applicability in Chinese yellow rice wine sample. The parameters examined in this study were fully evaluated. Results indicated that good linearity was obtained with a correlation coefficient exceeding 0.9990, the limit of detection and quantification was 73.2 and 243.9 μg L^?1, respectively. Recoveries ranged between 98.30% and 101.30%, and the precision of this method was lower than 5% (RSD). The method conducted in this work was successfully applied to determine EC concentration in Chinese yellow rice wine samples from different origins. The negative correlation between EC formation and urea level in yellow rice wine samples is evaluated with the developed HPLC‐FLD method.