模糊B样条基神经网络及其在机器人轨迹跟踪中的应用

提出一种模糊神经网络控制器并用于机器人轨迹跟踪控制．这种模糊神经网络利用B样条基函数作为隶属函数,可在线根据误差调整隶属函数的形状,使模糊神经网络具有更强的学习和适应能力．仿真与实验结果表明这种网络能很好的用于机器人的轨迹跟踪控制,具有很好的性能．     

异类粒子群算法的机械臂轨迹多目标规划

为了减少机械臂工作过程中的耗时、耗能和冲击,提出了基于异类粒子群算法的机械臂轨迹多目标规划方法。建立了7自由冗余机械臂运动学模型和优化模型;以传统粒子群算法为基础,根据学习信息的不同来源,设计了4种粒子进化行为,根据粒子当前状态计算不同进化行为的当前价值和未来价值,根据当前价值和未来价值的综合价值计算不同进化行为的选择概率,从而完成了异类粒子群算法的构造。以耗时最少单目标优化为例,与传统粒子群算法相比,异类粒子群算法不仅收敛速度快,而且优化程度提高了27.48%;使用异类粒子群算法对机械臂轨迹进行多目标综合优化,给出了Pareto最优前沿面,可根据不同需求和优化重心从中选择优化结果。     

基于视觉注意机制的机器人厚板焊接焊缝轮廓的识别

设计了一种视觉传感器同时采集熔池和焊缝轮廓, 并提出一种基于视觉注意机制的机器人厚板焊接焊缝轮廓的提取方法. 该方法以图像的亮度信息和方向信息作为初级视觉特征,并以焊缝图像作为亮度特征图,把对焊缝图像进行膨胀处理再进行Gabor滤波的结果作为方向特征图. 对上述两种特征图进行显著性度量,然后对度量结果进行自适应特征融合获取综合显著图,并对其进行阈值分割和最近邻聚类. 结果表明,最后在所有类别中以成员数最多的类所覆盖的区域作为最先被注意的区域,而其包含的数据即为焊缝轮廓信息.     

Sequencing of Parts in Robotic Cells

This paper considers scheduling problems in robotic cells that produce a set of part types on several machines served by one robot. We study the problem of sequencing parts of different types in a cell to minimize the production cycle time when the sequence of the robot moves is given. This problem is NP-hard for most of the one-unit robot move cycles in a robotic cell with more than two machines and producing more than two part types. We first give a mathematical formulation to the problem, and then propose a branch-and-bound algorithm to solve it. The bounding scheme of this algorithm is based on relaxing, for all of the machines except two, the constraints that a machine should be occupied by a part for a period at least as long as the processing time of the part. The lower bound obtained in this way is tight. This relaxation allows us to overcome the complexity of the problem. The lower bound can be computed using the algorithm of Gilmore and Gomory. Computational experiments on part sequencing problems in three-machine robotic cells are given.     

基于混合量子进化算法的自动化制造单元调度

为解决传统智能优化算法在求解自动化制造单元调度问题时易出现早熟、陷入局部最优等问题,提出了混合量子进化算法.该算法采用序列染色体和量子染色体相结合的混合编解码策略,利用构造启发式算法生成初始种群,避免了不可行解的大量产生;为提高算法的优化性能,进化过程中采用序列染色体和量子染色体同步交叉变异策略,并引入了基于图论的不可行解修复策略.通过与遗传算法、基本量子进化算法的对比实验,验证了算法的有效性.     

机械臂视觉伺服路径规划研究进展

视觉伺服控制是机械臂完成各种复杂作业任务的有效手段,而机械臂在动态非结构环境下自主作业的路径规划方法是视觉伺服控制领域的难点和关键.分析了动态非结构环境下视觉伺服路径规划中存在的两类约束及其处理方法,介绍并评述了国内外在机械臂视觉伺服控制中路径规划方面的相关研究进展,讨论并分析了不同路径规划方法在收敛性和稳定性等方面存在的不足,对未来的研究方向进行了展望.     

机器人视觉伺服系统中上下位机间的USB通信

针对Motoman-sv3x型工业机器人的封闭式控制系统，文章提出了一种基于USB通信的开放式机器人视觉伺服控制系统。系统利用SPI总线实现DSP与USB接口芯片AN2131Q之间的数据传输，然后AN2131Q再通过驱动程序与上位机通信，从而实现DSP与上位机的通信。该系统实时性好，运算速度快．数据传输速率远超过原系统的串口通信。     

A real-time robotic model of human reference resolution using visual constraints

Evidence from recent psycholinguistic experiments suggests that humans resolve reference incrementally in the presence of constraining visual context. In this paper, we present and evaluate a computational model of human reference resolution that directly builds a semantic interpretation of an utterance without the need for a separate syntactic analysis phase, which typically involves the construction of parse trees. The model is implemented on a robot using real audio and video inputs, (thus it operates in real time), and is distributed over several computers, which run in parallel. Results from experiments with the model confirm the viability of the algorithm to process semantic interpretations, in particular reference incrementally, as demonstrated to be employed by humans.     

基于不确定逼近的机械手间接自适应鲁棒预测控制

为了使机械手系统在含有模型不确定项时具有良好的跟踪性能和较强的抗干扰能力,提出了一种间接自适应鲁棒预测控制。首先,针对机械手模型设计出非线性鲁棒预测控制器;然后,基于三次样条函数逼近控制律中因模型不确定性产生的未知项,并在控制律中引入一个D-控制项抑制外部干扰。理论证明了所设计的控制器能够使跟踪误差收敛到原点。仿真验证了所提方法的有效性。     

In-Situ Fabrication: Mobile Robotic Units on Construction Sites

Enabling the robotic fabrication of building elements directly on a construction site, in-situ fabrication is a radical and novel approach to the application of digital fabrication in architecture. Volker Helm of ETH Zurich describes how an on-site unit, developed with Fabio Gramazio and Matthias Kohler in the Architecture and Digital Fabrication department at the university, offers the first-ever generic robot with applications in a wide range of processes, providing the means of investigating the requirements and capacities involved in non-standardised fabrication.