基于二次受力的隧道套拱加固损伤衬砌模型试验

松动荷载引起损伤衬砌失稳是不良地层隧道运营期间关键的科学问题.针对此问题,研制了双车道公路隧道带缝衬砌套拱加固模型试验加载装置,可对衬砌结构任意位置施加松动荷载,在损伤衬砌受力同时进行套拱加固,解决了衬砌加固二次受力的“瓶颈”问题;开展1∶10模型试验,研究了松动荷载作用下损伤衬砌套拱加固补强效果,对比变形特性、力学响应及破坏模式.结果表明:衬砌结构刚度随荷载增加而退化,套拱加固有效修复受损衬砌,整体结构刚度明显增大,损伤严重衬砌经套拱加固后承载力仍可提高1倍;原衬砌结构破坏位置为拱顶、拱肩和边墙;套拱加固带缝衬砌构件关键控制截面为拱顶和墙脚,拱顶易发生大偏心压弯破坏,建议加强拱顶纵向配筋,提高抗拉承载力;墙脚出现斜裂缝,属于压剪破坏,应增设墙脚箍筋,以提高抗剪承载力.     

基于多尺度分析及图论归一化割的矿岩颗粒图像分割及应用

为了克服矿岩颗粒图像分割中的欠分割和过分割现象,基于矿岩颗粒图像的特性, 提出了一种结合多尺度分析与图论的矿岩颗粒图象分割算法。该算法首先利用图像多尺度变换缩小图像,以去噪和减少数据量,再利用改进的图论归一化割(Normalized Cut)算法来分割矿岩颗粒图像。对多种类型的矿岩颗粒图像进行了分割实验,并与阈值、分水岭,聚类分析及FCM等常用的分割方法进行了比较。实验结果证明:研究的算法对岩石颗粒图像具有优于其它分割算法的效果;新算法应用到了大型露天矿的爆堆中的岩石块度测量与分析, 效果令人满意。     

岩体锚件轴向拔力计算

根据力的矢量平衡原理和工程情况,推导出不同角度斜拉状态下的岩体锚件轴向拔力基本式。采用预设参数法进行基本式验算和模拟斜拉状态下的岩体锚件抗拔试验,由试验结果和基本式函数图形分析出式中的平衡参数值,建立斜拉状况下岩体锚件轴向拔力计算式,用其计算岩体锚件不同角度的轴向拔力。该式可为岩体锚件（索、杆）工程、地灾治理中的牵引锚固工程、锚索锚固等工程设计和施工提供可供参考的计算依据,具有较好的应用价值和工程意义。     

Non-complete relief method for measuring surface stresses in surrounding rocks

The measurement of surface stresses in surrounding rocks with the use of a relief method of annular hole-drilling was studied by numerical analysis. The stress relief process by hole-drilling was then simulated with the use of finite element method. The influences of the borehole diameter（d）, the initial stresses and the ratio of the initial principle stresses on the variations of the remained stress and the released stress in function of the relief depth（h） were discussed. The relation between the non-dimensional ratio of the released principle strains and that of the initial principle stresses, and the effect of the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio of the rock mass on the stress relief curves were studied. The results show that the stress relief behavior formulated with the non-dimensional ratio of the released stress and the ratio of h/d is only sensitive to the ratio of the initial principle stresses and the Poisson ratio. The stresses are completely released when h equals 1.6d, and the tensile stresses take place on the bore core surface in the relief measurement process. Finally, a non-complete relief method of annular hole-drilling for measuring surface stress in surrounding rocks is proposed and the procedure is presented.     

Upper bound limit analysis of roof collapse in shallow tunnels with arbitrary cross sections under condition of seepage force

The analytical solutions for predicting the exact shape of collapse mechanisms in shallow tunnels with arbitrary excavation profiles were obtained by virtue of the upper bound theorem of limit analysis and variation principle according to Hoek-Brown failure criterion. The seepage force was included in the upper bound limit analysis, and it was computed from the gradient of excess pore pressure distribution. The seepage was regarded as a work rate of external force. The numerical results of roof collapse in square and circular tunnels with different rock parameters were derived and discussed, which proves to be valid in comparison with the previous work. The influences of different parameters on the shape of collapsing blocks were also discussed.     

Limiting drainage criterion for groundwater of mountain tunnel

Large amount of groundwater discharging from tunnel is likely to cause destruction of the ecological environment in the vicinity of the tunnel, thus an appropriate drainage criterion should be established to balance the tunnel construction and groundwater.To assess the related problems, an limiting drainage standard ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 m3/（m·d） was suggested for mountain tunnels based on survey and comparative analysis. After that, for the purpose of verifying the rationality of the standard, a calculated formula for dewatering funnel volume caused by drainage was deduced on the basis of the groundwater dynamics and experience method.Furthermore, the equation about the relationship between water discharge and drawdown of groundwater table was presented. The permeability coefficient, specific yield and groundwater table value were introduced, and then combined with the above equation, the drawdown of groundwater table under the proposed limiting drainage criterion was calculated. It is shown that the proposed drainage standard can reach the purpose of protecting ecological environment under the following two conditions. One is the permeability coefficient ranges from 10-4 to 10-5 m/s and the specific yield ranges from 0.1 to 0.001. The other is the permeability coefficient varies from 10-6 to 10-8 m/s and the specific yield varies from 0.1 to 0.01. In addition, a majority of common geotechnical layers are involved in the above ranges. Thus, the proposed limiting drainage standard which ranges from 0.5 to 2.0 m3/（m·d） for mountain tunnel is reasonable.     

层状岩体受压力学特征结构面效应数值分析

煤层底板岩体是沉积岩,具有显著的层状结构特点。为研究层状岩体压缩强度的结构面效应,通过FLAC3D数值软件,结合改进的遍布节理本构模型,建立层状岩体压缩数值模型,分析单轴、三轴压缩情况下的应力应变响应以及强度特征。研究结果表明：层状岩体压缩强度具有显著的结构面倾角效应。随着倾角的增大,层状岩体的压缩强度呈现先减小后增大的趋势。当结构面倾角为40＆#176;～80＆#176;时,岩体强度整体较低,破裂面主要沿结构面展开。数值试验和理论分析反映的岩体强度随结构面倾角变化规律一致。层状岩体弹性模量沿平行于结构面方向最大,而垂直于结构面方向最小,并随结构面与水平面之间夹角的增加而增大。     

层状黄土区域地铁隧道变形模拟分析

为解决层状黄土地区地铁隧道的安全施工,采用现场量测与Rocscience软件模拟分析相结合的方法,研究了全断面开挖过程中地铁隧道围岩的稳定性问题。研究结果表明,采用软件分析的结果与现场量测的结果基本一致,在隧道中心线两侧均出现了显著的沉降现象,由于地铁下腹地层为粉砂,所以开挖的隧道要及时闭合,并且要布置仰拱或是管片整体支护。     

多种测井曲线校正方法在塔中顺9井区的应用

针对顺9井区柯坪塔格组声波时差和密度曲线失真严重的问题。首先建立了工区的区域岩石物理模板判断测井曲线的失真段,然后使用了经验公式法、多元线性拟合法和岩石物理建模法对声波时差和密度曲线进行了校正。对比发现,经验公式法和多元线性拟合法适用于井眼垮塌较小的井段,而岩石物理建模更适用于井眼垮塌较严重的井段。最后利用区域岩石物理模板和合成地震记录标定约束并检验了曲线校正的结果。结果表明这三种曲线校正方法在顺9井区的应用是有效的、可行的。     

高速PIV布撒技术的改进研究

基于上海交通大学高超创新实验室现有技术,为发展高速PIV技术而改进开发了高速PIV粒子布撒系统。针对原有系统经常无法有效布撒粒子的缺陷,从系统中的管道、高压气体、喷嘴等几个方向下手进行改造,设计了新的高速PIV粒子布撒系统。对管道进行了软管化设计,高压气体采用干燥的氮气,喷嘴则设计成能在罐体中产生旋流的结构。对于这些改造进行了分析和实验测试,证明了这些改造能加强布撒粒子的效果。最后提出了这套系统可以继续改进的一些方向。