Seismological method for prediction of areal rockbursts in deep mine with seismic source mechanism and unstable failure theory

The research on the rock burst prediction was made on the basis of seismology, rock mechanics and the data from Dongguashan Copper Mine (DCM), the deepest metal mine in China. The seismic responses to mining in DCM were investigated through the analyses of the spatio-temporal distribution of hypocenters, apparent stress and displacement of seismic events, and the process of the generation of hazardous seismicity in DCM was studied in the framework of the theory of asperity in the seismic source mechanism. A method of locating areas with hazardous seismicity and a conceptual model of hazardous seismic nucleation in DCM were proposed. A criterion of rockburst prediction was analyzed theoretically in the framework of unstable failure theories, and consequently, the rate of change in the ratio of the seismic stiffness of rock in a seismic nucleation area to that in surrounding area, dS/dt, is defined as an index of the rockburst prediction. The possibility of a rockburst will increase if dS/dt>0, and the possibility of rock burst will decrease if dS/dt<0. The correctness of these methods is demonstrated by analyses of rock failure cases in DCM.     

锦屏二级水电站施工排水洞岩爆数值模拟

岩爆是一种极为复杂的动力失稳现象.在深埋隧洞的勘察设计和施工过程中,高地应力及其诱发的频繁岩爆,是影响隧道洞室稳定的重要因素之一.作为四川雅砻江锦屏二级水电站的重要的临时工程,施工排水洞在进入埋深1600m后就发生多次岩爆, 严重制约了工程的进展,为了研究岩爆发生机理与高地应力之间的关系以及更好地预测岩爆在隧洞内发生的位置,运用渐进破坏过程数值分析软件RFPA(realistic failure process analysis)对施工排水洞进行初步的应力分析,得出与现场实测相吻合的初始地应力拟合曲线.同时,隧洞开挖引起应力重分布而产生的围岩破坏的数值模拟也很好的印证了现场发生的岩爆情况,表明基于渐进破坏过程数值分析的RFPA可以真实地模拟高地应力下岩爆机理.     

重力场条件下砂岩突出倾向性

通过对永川煤矿砂岩物理力学性质的实验研究,得出了突出砂岩的特征,并据此研究了该矿-350m水平砂岩突出倾向性,提出了重力场条件下砂岩突出倾向性的判据.研究表明:突出的砂岩具有孔隙率大、气孔容积大的物理特征和杨氏模量较低、强度低、不易产生塑性变形的力学特性;岩石和瓦斯突出发动过程与冲击地压特征具有一致性,可以用研究冲击地压的理论来研究砂岩突出倾向性问题;砂岩突出受多种因素影响,力学因素是主导因素.在\     

Fractal behaviour of the microseismic energy associated with immediate rockbursts in deep,hard rock tunnels

Rockbursts in tunnels can be a significant hazard. During the development of immediate rockbursts, a series of fractures is generated which can be monitored using microseismic events. A fractal calculation method has been proposed to study the self-similarity of the energy distribution of microseismic events during the development of immediate rockbursts. The proposed method was used to study the fractal behaviour of the energy distribution of microseismic events during the development of immediate rockbursts that occurred in four deep headrace tunnels and one drainage tunnel at the Jinping II hydropower project, China. The overburden of the studied tunnels, which are excavated in marble, is between 1900 m and 2525 m. The tunnels have a total length of 12.4 km. The results indicated that the energy distribution of microseismic events during the development of immediate rockbursts has a fractal structure. The fractal behaviour of microseismic energy during the development of immediate strainbursts and immediate strain-structure slip rockbursts are distinguishable. The energy fractal dimensions of immediate strainbursts were larger than 0.2 but those of immediate strain-structure slip rockbursts were less than 0.2. For both immediate strainbursts and immediate strain-structure slip rockbursts, if the intensity was higher, the energy fractal dimensions were larger. The daily energy fractal dimension for microseismic events increased as approach of the immediate rockbursts. The energy fractal behaviour was used as a guide to establish a dynamic warning system based on the evolution of microseismic events to reduce the risk of immediate rockbursts during excavation of deep, hard-rock tunnels.     

Fractal characteristics of cracks and fragments generated in unloading rockburst tests

True triaxial rockburst experiments with four different unloading rates were performed on four prism specimens of granite sampled from Beishan, China. The damage evolution in the rockburst test was inv...     

基于ν-SVR算法的岩爆预测分析

以预测地下工程岩爆发生为研究目的,在综合影响岩爆的关键因素的基础上,选取地下工程围岩最大切向应力、岩石单轴抗压、抗拉强度、弹性能量指数、围岩切向应力与围岩抗压强度比值、围岩抗压强度与其抗拉强度的比值作为岩爆预测的评判指标,建立了一种基于改进支持向量机算法( ν-SVR)的岩爆预测方法,并利用国内外45个岩石地下工程实例进行学习,对另外的16个实例进行了预测,取得了较好的效果,其预测精度明显优于灰色理论和常规SVR算法,与GA-BP神经网络算法相近.     

基于案例推理的岩爆预测方法

岩爆的发生受很多因素的影响,K-最近邻是一种简单易行且性能优秀的基于案例的机器学习推理技术.本文提出了基于K-最近邻案例推理的岩爆预测的新方法,该方法通过扫描深部开采中岩爆案例数据库,根据实例近邻性相似度函数,搜索出与预测事件在岩爆发生影响因素上最相似的多个岩爆实例,最后使用投票表决的方式推理预测新的复杂环境下岩爆发生的可能性.南非深部矿山的工程应用研究结果表明,该岩爆预测方法是科学可行的,容易实现且预测精度高,具有良好的应用前景.     

冲击矿压的静动叠加失稳机制和发生模式

基于静动叠加冲击矿压的黏弹脆性体突变模型和黏弹性介质中震动波的传播规律,研究了煤体静动叠加冲击失稳机制,结合实例分析了静动叠加冲击矿压的2种基本发生模式:高静载低动载模式和高静载高动载模式,讨论了震动波频率、结构弱面刚度等因素对震动波传递的影响。认为高静载低动载模式和高静载高动载模式能够揭示两类典型的冲击过程;震动动载形成的瞬时动应力增量与静载蠕变阶段的静应力叠加使煤体满足临界条件而发生冲击失稳;震动波传递不仅随弱面的力学性质劣化而弱化,且随震动波的物理特性变化如频率的增大和波幅的降低而弱化。研究结果能为冲击矿压监测和防治提供指导。     

对冲击矿压的预测和治理

随着我国煤炭资源向深部发展,开采中出现的各种技术问题日趋严重。其中,最显著的是巷道变形严重,冲击矿压发生的比例逐渐增加,给我国的煤矿安全生产带来了巨大的灾害。因此,对冲击矿压的预测和治理对我国现代化煤矿的安全生产起到不可估量的作用。     

山岭隧道岩爆发生机理MTS试验研究

以某山岭隧道工程为依托,以岩爆问题为研究主线,开展了山岭隧道岩爆机理等试验研究,并针对试验结果进行了分析,得出了一些有现实指导意义的结论,以确保隧道工程的安全施工。