Development of a fish‐based index of biotic integrity (FIBI) for monitoring riverine ecosystems in the Lake Victoria drainage Basin,Kenya

The long term monitoring of aquatic ecosystems based on chemical analysis is expensive resulting in a lack of time series data for management purposes thus necessitating the need for new cost effective methodologies. This study developed a fish‐based index of biotic integrity (FIBI) for monitoring environmental conditions in riverine ecosystems within the Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya. The fish fauna in the basin is poorly studied, less diverse and ecologically specialized than the temperate fauna that provided the origins of the Index of Biotic Integrity. Fish samples were collected by electrofishing from 24 sites during baseflow periods in February, March and July 2004. Validation data were collected from 7 sites with varying levels of degradation. Fish samples were identified, counted and grouped into different trophic groups, relative tolerance to pollution, habitat guild and whether exotic or native to riverine environment. Thirty‐three candidate metrics were evaluated for responsiveness to habitat quality and twelve were selected for inclusion in the final index. The index classified 6 of the 7 validation sites according to their levels of degradation. As a bioassessment tool, the index was useful in laying the basis for long‐term monitoring of rivers in the Lake Victoria drainage basin. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

D-Index: Distance Searching Index for Metric Data Sets

In order to speedup retrieval in large collections of data, index structures partition the data into subsets so that query requests can be evaluated without examining the entire collection. As the complexity of modern data types grows, metric spaces have become a popular paradigm for similarity retrieval. We propose a new index structure, called D-Index, that combines a novel clustering technique and the pivot-based distance searching strategy to speed up execution of similarity range and nearest neighbor queries for large files with objects stored in disk memories. We have qualitatively analyzed D-Index and verified its properties on actual implementation. We have also compared D-Index with other index structures and demonstrated its superiority on several real-life data sets. Contrary to tree organizations, the D-Index structure is suitable for dynamic environments with a high rate of delete/insert operations.     

k-ary n-cube网络中跨区域适应性路由算法

针对k-ary,n-cube网络,提出一种无死锁、元活锁、负载均衡的跨区域路由算法(Quadrant Crossing Routing,QCR).算法按照分组源目的节点相对位置将网络划分路由区域,并给予这些区域不同的权重,同时设定跨区域规则,允许分组根据网络负载状态跨区域路由,这样就使得网络的流量分布更均衡.网络的负载程度由输出端口等待分组请求的时间间隔的大小决定.最后,利用OPNET对所提算法在不同流量模式下进行仿真.结果表明:相比已有的同类算法,如维序路由算法(Dimension Order Routing,DOR),Duato及GAL等,QCR表现出较好的时延、吞吐性能.     

多路径DSR和AODV路由协议性能研究

在支持移动节点和自组织网络的路由协议中,最典型的单径路由协议是DSR和AODV协议,对它们进行扩展分别得到相应的多径路由协议。通过仿真比较分析这2种多径路由协议在混合无线Mesh网络和移动AdHoc网络中的性能。结果显示,混合无线Mesh网络中的这2种多径路由协议具有分组传输率高、端到端的平均延时和路由开销小等优点。以DSR协议为基础扩展得到的多径路由协议,在高度动态的网络环境中,性能得到了改善,能广泛应用于移动性强的环境中。     

模糊机会约束规划下的物流配送路径优化

针对模糊需求信息条件下物流配送路径优化问题进行了分析,运用模糊数学的可能性理论建立了该问题的模糊机会约束规划模型,并构造了一种新的禁忌搜索算法进行求解。算例说明,该模型及算法对于模糊需求下物流配送路径优化问题具有一定的实用价值。     

基于对等区域的改进的Chord资源路由算法

给出一种基于对等区域的Chord网络资源路由算法。该算法在继承Chord算法简单、可靠、负载平衡等特点的基础上,在Chord环型结构中引入基于对等区域的搜索机制和区域管理机制,由超级节点统一转发区域成员节点状态信息,减少单个节点间由于路由信息失效而产生的无效转发,降低Chord网络的平均搜索长度,实现区域内超级节点选择的随机性,提高对等网络的资源搜索效率。     

基于捕食模型与蚁群算法的多约束QoS路由选择

针对多约束QoS路由选择问题,将其转化为一个多约束赋权图,求符合最小时延和最小丢包率且满足最小成本的多目标问题。利用捕食模型调整最小时延和最小丢包率这两个目标的权值,快速找到非劣解集;再结合蚁群算法很强的全局寻优能力,完成最小成本的路由选择。实例计算结果证明了算法的可行性。     

传感器网络 BRA 路由算法的设计与实现

为了提高数据传输的可靠性以适合某些特殊应用,设计并实现了传感器网络备用路径可靠路由算法(BRA)。该路由算法通过建立备用路径,并在主路径失效的情况下采用备用路径传输数据的方法来提高数据传输的可靠性。仿真测试结果表明,文中所提出的备用路径可靠算法在主干路径不可用的情况下,可以有效减小路径断裂引起的丢包现象,进而提高网络整体数据传输的可靠性。     

应用IPSO的无线传感器网络分簇路由算法

在基于分簇的无线传感器网络中,网络是通过附近传感器节点在转发信息到目的节点前进行冗余数据的融合实现节能,从而延长了网络的生命周期。但现存的算法在选择簇首节点的过程中由于忽略了邻居节点的状态信息,容易导致簇内节点过早出现盲节点的现象。进化类算法已经成功应用于许多方面,微粒群算法就是其中之一。提出了一种基于改进型微粒群算法的无线传感器网络分簇路由算法来优化分簇过程。簇首节点的选取综合考虑候选节点和邻居节点的状态信息。仿真结果表明算法的性能得到了较好的改善,并延长了网络的生命周期。     

MANET节点移动模型仿真研究

移动自组网（MANET）节点移动特性对网络拓扑结构有重要影响,在合理的节点移动模型下对网络性能的评估才真实可靠。通过对网络仿真软件NS2进行拓展,实现个体、群体和具有地域限制的节点移动模型,提出物理链路和路由协议2个层面的评估准则,给出不同类节点模型对路由协议性能的影响程度。对研究和评估MANET的路由协议有重要的参考价值。