过热蒸汽在烧碱生产中的直接应用

通过对蒸发装置的料液循环方式、加热面积及罐体强度的分析和计算,肯定了过热蒸汽在烧碱生产中直接应用的可行性,并在实际运行中得到了验证,达到了节能降耗的目的。     

真空降水联合强夯法加固粉土路基的研究

结合绍兴滨海新城新东线道路的软基处理工程,进行了真空井点降水联合强夯法的现场试验研究。试验过程中对每遍处理过程中的孔隙水压力、地下水位、施工沉降进行了实时监测和分析,并对加固后的路基进行静力触探检测和地基承载力检测。结果表明:真空井点降水联合强夯法可有效加固深厚饱和粉土路基,能加快孔隙水压力消散,缩短工期;并使加固后土体的Ps值和地基承载力显著提高,有效加固深度达8 m,处理效果显著。     

软黏土不排水循环应力应变关系的数值模拟

对程星磊等提出的总应力形式增量弹塑性本构模型进行二次开发,以模拟复杂应力状态下软黏土的响应。通过Newton-Raphson算法,对材料非线性问题进行迭代求解;针对本构模型中应力反向等一系列关键性问题,应用欧拉切线算法编写了有限元程序,并结合子增量方法提高了计算精度。预测了软黏土在轴对称应力状态下的响应,得到了应力应变关系曲线,将其与单元预测结果进行比较,二者趋于一致,从而验证了有限元程序编写的合理性。利用该程序模拟三轴不固结不排水试验,模拟结果与试验吻合良好,表明该本构模型有限元程序可以反映轴对称应力状态下软黏土的不排水应力应变特性,可应用于更加复杂边值问题的模拟计算。     

Partial consensus of identical feedforward dynamic systems with input saturations

This paper studies the partial consensus problem for identical feedforward dynamic systems with input saturations. We construct two consensus protocols using the partial‐state information and full‐state information, respectively. Applying a change of coordinates, feedforward system is transformed into the block diagonal form. Then, by utilizing the bounded real lemma and small gain theorem, we solve the partial consensus problem, and the existence of each protocol is derived. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

层状淤沙对混凝土重力坝地震响应的影响分析

本文研究了不同厚度淤沙对混凝土重力坝地震响应的影响以及一定厚度层状淤沙的不同分布形式对混凝土重力坝的地震响应的影响。基于饱和多孔液固两相介质的压力波动方程,设层状淤沙各层厚度不同,将层状淤沙分为三种不同分布形式,在每种分布形式每层的物理参数相同和物理参数不同两种情况下,确定了淤沙对混凝土重力坝地震响应的影响大小。通过算例分析表明,相同物理性质不同的分布形式对地震响应的影响不显著,而不同的分布形式对坝体的地震响应影响较大。     

具有饱和状态反馈离散时滞系统的渐近稳定性

讨论具有饱和状态反馈的离散时滞线性系统的渐近稳定性问题. 给出了在一定假设下, 判断系统全局渐近稳定和局部渐近稳定的充分条件, 并通过数值算例验证了所给出的条件是有效的.     

气相色谱法测定食品包装纸中饱和烃矿物油迁移量

本文运用气相色谱技术建立了食品包装纸中饱和烃矿物油迁移量检测方法.本方法检出限和定量限分别为2.28mg/L和6.84mg/L,采用低、中、高3个浓度水平对样品进行加标回收试验,加标回收率为95.46%~106.38%,相对标准偏差<4.0%.优质原生纸样品食品模拟物未检出矿物油,而回收食品包装纸中均存在不同矿物油迁移量,尤其是含有油墨、石蜡和粘合剂等的回收纸.     

Isochoric p-ρ-T Measurements on 1,1-Difluoroethane (R152a) from 158 to 400 K and 1,1,1-Trifluoroethane (R143a) from 166 to 400 K at Pressures to 35 MPa

The p--T relationships have been measured for 1,1-difluoroethane (R152a) and 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (R143a) by an isochoric method with gravimetric determinations of the amount of substance. Temperatures ranged from 158 to 400 K for R152a and from 166 to 400 K for R143a, while pressures were up to 35 MPa. Measurements were conducted on compressed liquid samples. Determinations of saturated liquid densities were made by extrapolating each isochore to the vapor pressure, and determining the temperature and density at the intersection. Published p--T data are in good agreement with this study. For the p--T apparatus, the uncertainty of the temperature is ±0.03 K, and for pressure it is ±0.01% at p>3 MPa and ±0.05% at p&#60;3 MPa. The principal source of uncertainty is the cell volume (28.5 cm³), which has a standard uncertainty of ±0.003 cm³. When all components of experimental uncertainty are considered, the expanded relative uncertainty (with a coverage factor k=2 and thus a two-standard deviation estimate) of the density measurements is estimated to be ±0.05%.     

A label-free amperometric immunosensor based on horseradish peroxidase functionalized carbon nanotubes and bilayer gold nanoparticles

In this work, a novel label-free amperometric immunosensor has been constructed for detecting α-1-fetoprotein (AFP) based on nanocomposite of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labeled carbon nanotubes (CNTs). First, the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were electrodeposited on the surface of the glass carbon electrode by electrochemical reduction of gold chloride tetrahydrate (HAuCl₄) to immobilize horseradish peroxidase labeled carbon nanotubes (HRP-CNTs). Then HRP-CNTs bioconjugate was immobilized on the surface of the electrodeposited AuNPs layer by the combination of forces (coordination and electrostatic force). Subsequently, it was immersed into gold colloidal nanoparticles (GNPs) solution, which was used to immobilize antibody biomolecules (anti-AFP). Enhanced sensitivity was obtained by using bioconjugates featuring HRP labeled (HRP-CNTs), which had lager specific surface area and good electronic catalysis (current response signal) compared to carbon nanotubes. Under optimized conditions, the linear ranges were from 0.2 to 200 ng mL⁻¹ with a detection limit of 0.067 ng mL⁻¹ (at an S/N of 3). The proposed immunosenor showed good precision, acceptable stability and reproducibility and could be used for the detection AFP in normal human serum, which provided a potential alternative tool for the detection of protein in clinical diagnosis.     

Distributed adaptive control for vehicular platoon with unknown dead‐zone inputs and velocity/acceleration disturbances

This paper is focused on designing a distributed adaptive control scheme for a vehicular platoon with unknown bounded velocity/acceleration disturbances and unknown nonlinear dead‐zone inputs. Our aim is to design distributed adaptive controllers based on integral sliding mode control techniques that guarantee practical exponential convergence (i.e., exponential stability of an arbitrarily small neighborhood of zero) of the spacing errors and the string stability of the whole vehicular platoon. The contributions of this paper are that: (i) based on a modified constant time headway policy, the whole vehicular platoon is guaranteed to have string stability despite dead zone inputs; (ii) adaptive compensation terms are constructed to compensate for the time‐variant effects caused by unknown bounded velocity/acceleration disturbances, and unknown dead zone inputs; (iii) an efficient numerical method for avoiding the singularity problem of the control law is also proposed. Numerical simulation results show the validity and advantages of the proposed method are significantly higher traffic density and string stability. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.