斜入射平面SH波在层状饱和半空间中沉积谷地 周围的三维散射

为研究层状饱和场地中沉积谷地对斜入射地震波的三维散射问题,建立了求解问题的2.5维间接边界元方法。通过沿沉积谷地轴线方向的傅里叶变换将三维问题降为二维问题,进而在沉积谷地的截面内进行边界单元的离散和求解,求得沉积谷地截面内的动力响应,然后再将截面内计算结果沿沉积谷地轴线方向进行波数展开即可求得任意位置动力响应。通过与弹性情况的比较验证了方法的正确性,并以均匀饱和半空间和基岩上单一饱和土层中沉积谷地对斜入射平面SH波的三维散射为例进行了数值计算和分析。研究发现沉积谷地对SH波的三维散射与二维散射之间存在显著差异;饱和情况(透水或不透水)与干土情况沉积谷地附近地表位移的差别很大;另外层状饱和半空间中沉积谷地和均匀饱和半空间中沉积谷地对斜入射SH波的放大作用也存在显著差别。     

Predicting cetane numbers of n-alcohols and methyl esters from their physical properties

Cetane numbers (C#) for the homologous series of straight-chain, saturated n-alcohols, C₅−C₁₂ and C₁₄, were determined according to ASTM D 613. Measured C# ranged from 18.2–80.8 and increased linearly with carbon number (CN). Regression analyses developed equations that related various physical properties or molecular characteristics of these alcohols to calculated C#. The degree of relationship between measured and calculated C# was expressed as R². The decreasing order of the precision with which these properties correlated with C# was: boiling point (bp)>melting point (mp)>CN>heat of combustion (HG)>refractive index (n²⁰ _D)>density (d). This ranking was based upon R² (0.99–0.96) and the Average % error (2.8–7.2%). C# were also determined for straight-chain homologs of saturated methyl esters with CN of 6, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18. C# ranged from 18.0–75.6 and increased curvilinearly with CN. Equations were also developed that related physical properties of these esters to C#. The precision with which these properties correlated with C# was: bp>viscosity (V)>heat of vaporization (HV)>HG>CN>surface tension (ST)>mp>n²⁰ _D>d. R² ranged from 0.99 for bp to 0.98 for d. Equations for the alcohols were linear or quadratic, while equations for the esters were linear, quadratic or cubic based upon statistical considerations that included a Student’s t-test. With related physical properties and these equations, accurate predictions of C# can be made for saturated n-alcohols and methyl esters.     

苯基二氯化膦一三氯化磷体系汽液平衡的研究

用静态法测定了苯基二氯化膦的饱和蒸汽压曲线，回归得到了它们的Antoine方程参数。用标准的Swietoslawski型沸点计测定了三氯化磷一苯基二氯化膦二元体系的常压沸点数据，从而推算出两端的无限稀释活度系数，采用Wilson活度系数方程回归出其中的Wilson参数，并对该体系的等温气液平衡数据进行了推算。     

The electroreduction of alkyl iodides and polyiodides: The kinetic model of EC(C)E and ECE-EC(C)E mechanisms with included transfer coefficient variability

The cyclic voltammetry electroreduction of seven alkyl iodides was investigated in 0.3 M TBAP/DMF on glassy carbon electrode. The influence of carbon chain length and the number of iodine atoms in the molecule was examined. The two-electron reductive cleavage with iodine elimination was numerically resolved into one-electron consecutive steps. The mechanism of the process was discussed applying the mathematical EC(C)E and ECE-EC(C)E kinetic models with included transfer coefficient variability for one stage electroreduction of RI and two stage electroreduction of RI₂, respectively. For electroreduction of diiodomethane the discrimination of elementary alpha parameter between two reduction stages was determined.     

X100管线钢在水饱和酸性土壤中的电化学阻抗谱特征

利用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)研究X100管线钢在水饱和酸性土壤中短期的电化学腐蚀行为。结果表明,X100管线钢在鹰潭水饱和土壤中浸泡104 h后已产生点蚀。腐蚀过程的EIS谱具有两个时间常数特征,高频区为代表反应的容抗弧,低频区为代表吸附或点蚀形核期产生的感抗弧。腐蚀初期(1 h～33 h),由于水饱和土壤介质电导率较低,电极反应过程受扩散控制;腐蚀产物在电极表面积累对反应离子扩散有阻碍作用,使阻抗增大;腐蚀产物膜疏松多孔,形成局部活化区域,使阻抗减小;Cl~-对腐蚀产物膜有破坏作用且在膜内局部地区浓缩,诱发点蚀,使阻抗减小,出现感抗特征。     

对(艹孟)烷饱和蒸汽压的测定与关联

采用改进的Ellis平衡釜和毛细管气相色谱分析方法,测定了常压及气压为61．66～90．98kPa、温度424．89～444．31K条件下高浓度对meng烷体系的汽液平衡数据,根据稀溶液的溶剂符合Raoult定律的规则,使用EVIEWS数理统计软件推算出上述实验温度下纯对meng烷的饱和蒸汽压,然后采用最小二乘法编写VB程序回归出Antoine方程的各参数,回归相关系数达0．9989,建立了对meng烷饱和蒸汽压与温度的关联式,其计算值与实验结果的相对误差范围为0．60％～0．79％,为天然产物饱和蒸汽压的实验测定与关联提供了一种便捷的方法。     

岩石单轴饱和抗压强度的点荷载试验方法设计与探讨

设计了求岩石单轴饱和抗压强度的两种点荷载试验方法，并通过与室内抗压强度试验成果的对比，分析并总结了上述两种试验方法的优劣，对岩石点荷载试验在实际工作中的推广应用有较大的参考价值。     

软土地层管幕-箱涵顶进工具管网格自平衡设计理论研究

目前,国外在软土地区箱涵顶进施工中均对箱涵顶进工具管开挖面前的土体进行加固,以保证在箱涵高度范围内的土体能够自立稳定。为降低工程造价,上海市中环线虹许路—北虹路地下立交隧道工程是世界上首次在软土地区采用不加固软土方法进行管幕-箱涵顶进施工的工程,为维持开挖面土体平衡,工具管网格的合理设计是工程成败的关键。以此工程为背景,从力学原理出发,利用网格内土体在稳定的前提下摩擦力与土压力始终平衡——自平衡原理,建立平衡微分方程,推导出工具管内土压力、土-钢板接触面正应力、剪应力随工具管长度的分布及衰减规律——指数方程,由此方程可解出维持开挖面稳定所需的工具管网格临界长度,并建立网格的长、宽和高之间应满足的定量关系。影响网格长度的主要因素有网格前的土压力、土与网格壁的摩擦特性和土体性质等,分析表明,网格临界长度随土压力的增大而增大,随摩擦系数的增大而减小,为对数方程,所建立的公式可为工程设计提供理论依据。     

饱和土中单排弹性桩对平面S波的屏蔽

基于饱和土弹性波动方程,考虑土体和水耦合作用的影响,分析了全空间均质饱和土中弹性排桩对入射平面S波的散射。将入射波和散射波的势函数展开成Fourier-Bessel函数的无穷级数的形式,利用一组圆柱坐标系统和加法转换定理,通过施加桩土界面处的连续条件,求解出待定散射系数,进而得到饱和土体中任意点的位移和应力。根据算例考察了饱和土的渗透系数、桩数量和桩间距等对排桩屏蔽效果的影响,并和单相弹性土体中排桩的屏蔽效果作了对比,得出了一些有意义的结论。     

上海饱和软土中预制桩承载力时效性分析

在上海嘉定地区对预制桩进行不同休止期及不同加载程序的静载荷试验,并在试验中量测桩的轴力.通过得到的数据来分析不同部位的侧摩阻力、桩端阻力以及沉降随时间变化规律,进而更具体地分析饱和软土中桩的时效性对桩的承载力的影响.分析表明:随着时间增长,桩周被扰动土的结构强度逐渐恢复,桩端阻力及侧摩阻力逐渐增加,呈现明显的时效性.