测量高斯光分布半宽度的光电共轭方法

测量光电信号与参考光电信号来自同一光电器件,形成一对共轭函数。调整参考光电信号 放大器的正电源电平,使之等于测量信号的峰值,此时两函数共轭交点之间的距离即对应于光束的半宽。测量过程中,被测光束能量的缓慢变化并不对结果造成影响,因此稳定性较好,实验重复精度至±2mm。     

What role for contact spots and dislocations in friction and wear?

Sixteen years of research on the properties of 'contact spots' of ductile materials in 'adhesive' wear are surveyed. They are the locations (typically occupying less than 1% of the macroscopic area of contact) at which solids ale in load-bearing contact during wear. Their properties determine the coefficient of friction, and friction and Joule heat are generated at them. It was found that the mechanical behavior of contact spots is governed by ordinary dislocation plasticity. They remain elastic if the local pressure falls short of the indentation hardness of the softer side. In that case (almost) no wear occurs. Elastic contact spots are promoted by light loads and fine polishing. Ordinarily, wear particles are detached through tangential shearing-off where, statistically, the two sides at contact spots momentarily interlock. The Holm-Archard wear 'law' is a simple direct result of this mechanism. However, quite typically the bulk of sliding takes place within adsorbed moisture films which are ubiquitous in our daily surroundings. Outside of contact spots the adsorbed moisture behaves much like ordinary water. At the typical contact spot the moisture is squeezed down to but two monomolecular layers; and the relative motion between sliding solids overwhelmingly takes place between these. This causes the prevalence of friction coefficients about μ 0.3 in our surroundings. The complex behavior of the adsorbed water can cause stick-slip. As water is desorbed at 170 °C, the determination of flash temperatures at contact spots is critical. A corresponding theory was developed and verified in connection with experiments on graphite lubrication which depends on the presence of adsorbed moisture. Further, plastic contact spots and solid lubrication have been simulated by means of a Bridgman anvil apparatus. The results show that the same work-hardening behavior applies at contact spots as known from the bulk. They also proved that at contact spots intimate mixing of the materials of the two sides gives rise to a finely mixed layer which can amorphize by much the same dislocation mechanism as is believed to cause melting. The amorphous material promptly recrystallizes at least in the Cu-Ag system. It is proposed to try and inhibit such recrystallization by selected lubricants, so as to promote beneficial wear-resistant tribo-films.     

汾河景区水资源的合理利用

介绍了太原汾河景区的设计概况，分析了河流在防洪、水资源以及水景三方面功能的合理利用，保持了城市景区良好的自然生态，在水资源的综合利用方面取得了显著效果。     

测量高功率激光束衍射光斑阵列位置的图象处理方法

介绍了测量高功率激光束射光斑阵列的各光斑中心位置的计算机图象处理方法。讨论了ＴＩＦＦ图象格式的全用技巧，利用灰度级确定各衍射光斑光强中心以及去除噪声光点的计算机处理方法，用计算机软件实现了常规Ｈａｒｔｍａｎｎ－Ｓｈａｃｋ传感器中子透镜阵列的子光束聚焦过程。     

环形孔径高斯光束的远场特性

讨论环形孔径高斯光束的远场光斑能量分布，并给出拟合表达式。首先推导光束没有抖动时远场光斑的光能分布表达式，然后研究各种不同中心遮拦和不同光束截断比，在有以及没有激光束抖动的情况下，对高斯光束的远场环围能量分布变化的影响。     

陶瓷管壳金属化黑斑的成因探讨

对陶瓷管壳在金属化过程中产生的黑斑进行观察和检测分析 ,对其产生原因进行了探讨并提出一些改进措施。     

辐条钢丝表面黑斑的形成和消除

辐条钢丝表面不规则黑斑形成的原因是６．５ｍｍ原料酸洗后润滑涂层采用磷化工艺所致，而与磷化液无关。经试验找到了彻底消除黑斑的方法。     

校园景观水体的生态设计探讨

水体是校园重要的景观要素,也是校园重要的生态要素。在关注景观的同时,侧重从景观水体布置水生植物选择、水岸设计、水资源利用等方面,探讨了校园景观水体的生态设计方法。     

生态阳台的潮流设计

阳台既要满足生理要求,也要满足心理需求。文章从营造良好的建筑热工环境、强调阳台绿化的基本原则、重点研究绿色建筑中观景阳台的设计要点等三个方面探讨有关生态阳台的设计问题。     

风景区规划中的社区旅游理论源流探讨

近年来中国风景区规划与旅游规划人员正设法将"社区参与式规划"引入他们的工作中.然而,社区旅游--或称社区参与式旅游发展的概念,已经与它在西方世界的原始定义有了很大差别.从政治学、社会学等学科角度对西方的社区参与式旅游概念进行了回顾,力图梳理出一个比较清晰的理论发展脉络.研究认为,发展中国家社区参与式旅游实践得以成功的关键在于协调社区参与各方的利益关系、降低社区参与的制度改革成本、分散并落实话语权.