生物地耕法降解含油污泥的研究

对含油质量分数为9.0%和10.2%的油泥进行生物地耕法的研究。结果表明,生物降解120d后,油泥残油质量分数分别由9.0%和10.2%降至3.1%和4.0%,石油降解率分别为65.6%和60.8%;同时利用气相色谱-质谱分析生物降解前后含油污泥中饱和烃的组分和质量分数变化,含油质量分数为9.0%和10.2%油泥中的长链烷烃分别减少39.8%和42.2%。     

微粒群优化和区域生长结合的彩色图像分割算法

提出了一种微粒群优化和区域生长相结合的彩色图像分割算法,以彩色图像直方图中自适应搜索到的峰值作为像素种子。由于搜索像素种子点是按密度进行,计算量小,大幅度提高了算法的计算速度,同时克服了传统区域生长方法不能自动选择种子且容易导致过分割的局限性。实验表明：该方法提高了图像分割速度,并可以准确地分割出目标,是一种有效的图像分割方法。     

污泥吸附动力学与平衡模型的实验研究

采用好氧和厌氧污泥进行污泥的生物吸附实验,研究好氧与厌氧污泥吸附动力学和吸附平衡模型。研究表明:好氧和厌氧污泥的吸附过程中,颗粒内扩散是污泥吸附的主要限速阶段,但它不是唯一的限速因素。好氧和厌氧污泥的假二级反应模型比一级、二级反应模型更能描述污泥的吸附过程。Langmuir和Freundlich的吸附平衡方程都适合描述厌氧和好氧污泥的吸附平衡过程。     

NH_3-(NH_4)_2SO_4体系浸析PCB污泥中铜的研究

利用NH3-(NH4)2SO4体系,对印刷电路板(printed circuit boards,PCB)生产过程中产生大量的含铜污泥中的铜进行浸析。对PCB污泥中重金属的质量分数进行了测定,其中铜在污泥中的质量分数为33.500%,其余金属质量分数较小。重点探讨了氨-硫酸铵浓度及pH、浸析时间、液固比、温度等条件对浸析率的影响。NH3-(NH4)2SO4体系对PCB污泥中铜浸析的最优条件为氨、硫酸铵浓度分别为3.0mol/L和1.5mol/L,液固比为20mL/g,浸析时间为180min,浸析温度为25℃。在最优条件下进行了浸析应用试验,结果表明铜的浸析率可达到97.5%,此方法的相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)为0.63%。     

抛石挤淤在吹填淤泥区地基处理中的应用

首先阐述了抛石挤淤的适用范围及其原理,然后结合工程实例,详细描述了其施工工艺及施工过程的质量控制标准,对该吹填淤泥区所布设的沉降监测点、周边隆起监测点、深层水平位移监测点、孔隙水压力监测点分别进行了监测,通过分析监测数据,得出相关结论,进而探讨抛石挤淤在本试验中的可行性及所存在的问题.     

Biodiesel development from high acid value polanga seed oil and performance evaluation in a CI engine

Non-edible filtered high viscous (72 cSt at 40 °C) and high acid value (44 mg KOH/gm) polanga (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) oil based mono esters (biodiesel) produced by triple stage transesterification process and blended with high speed diesel (HSD) were tested for their use as a substitute fuel of diesel in a single cylinder diesel engine. HSD and polanga oil methyl ester (POME) fuel blends (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%) were used for conducting the short-term engine performance tests at varying loads (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%). Tests were carried out over entire range of engine operation at varying conditions of speed and load. The brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) were calculated from the recorded data. The engine performance parameters such as fuel consumption, thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperature and exhaust emissions (CO, CO₂, HC, NO_x, and O₂) were recorded. The optimum engine operating condition based on lower brake specific fuel consumption and higher brake thermal efficiency was observed at 100% load for neat biodiesel. From emission point of view the neat POME was found to be the best fuel as it showed lesser exhaust emission as compared to HSD.     

Soil effects due to sewage sludge application in agriculture

Field trials show that increased nutrients (mainly P) and heavy metals in soil due to agricultural use of sewage sludge have mainly to be expected when sludge is applied in too high amounts. The biological effects of heavy metals on plants are determined by their solubility which is increased by pH decrease and degradation of organic matter. Normally, it should be expected that the microbial activity in soil would increase with the application of organic matter in sewage sludge. But, also negative effects on the microflora by simultaneous enrichment of organic matter or inorganic and organic pollutants were found. The most important deleterious effects on soil microorganisms are the reduction in size of the total biomass, a reduced nitrogen fixing activity and changes in the composition of microbial populations of the soil. At what stage heavy metal toxicity to soil microorganisms or to microbial processes in soil is likely to become evident is unfortunately still uncertain. Again, the soluble fraction of heavy metals (also of organic pollutants) is a determing factor. To minimize the shown environmental risks an adequate sludge management is proposed.     

污泥臭氧减量对淹没式生物膜工艺运行效能的影响

针对淹没生物膜法(SBF)和污泥臭氧化各自在污泥减量方面的优点,提出了化学臭氧化和复合生物膜法相结合的污泥减量工艺,并对臭氧化对SBF运行效能的影响进行了实验研究。通过2个并行的SBF系统污泥臭氧化结果进行对比,结果显示臭氧化能够显著降低系统的污泥产率(0.043 kg/kg,较不加臭氧化的SBF系统下降了76%),同时不对硝化和有机物的去除作用产生明显的影响,系统出水水质良好。     

Chinese melon (Momordica charantia L.) seed: Composition and potential use

Chinese melon (Momordica charantia L.), also known as bitter gourd, is a tropical crop, grown throughout Asian countries for use as food and medicinals. In 1993, four cultivars of Chinese melon were grown in Mississippi and the seeds were collected. Oil contents of the seeds ranged from 41 to 45% and the oils contained 63–68% eleostearic acid and 22–27% stearic acid. Industrially important tung oil, a “fast-drying oil” used in paints and varnishes, contains 90% eleostearic and 2–3% stearic acid. The ratio of stearic to eleostearic in Chinese melon seed oil is ten times greater than that in tung oil. The higher ratio should reduce the rate of drying and crosslinking and could be advantageous in the paint industry. The defatted meals contained 52–61% protein and would be a good source of methionine.     

水质条件对厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥EPS含量的影响

为研究水质条件对厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥EPS含量的影响,采用16个SBR反应器研究同周期内基质利用阶段与基质匮乏阶段EPS含量的变化以及总氮质量浓度、IC/TN、COD/TN对于厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥EPS含量的影响.结果表明,同周期内,基质利用阶段的EPS含量不断升高,基质匮乏阶段EPS含量不断降低;总氮质量浓度为35~280 mg/L时,提高总氮质量浓度可以提高EPS的含量,总氮质量浓度280 mg/L时EPS含量有所减少;IC/TN为0.01~0.2时,EPS及其各组分含量随无机碳质量浓度的升高而增加,IC/TN0.2时,无机碳质量浓度对于EPS及其各组分含量无明显影响;COD/TN0.5时,有机物对于EPS含量具有促进作用,COD/TN0.5时,有机物的提高对于EPS含量有抑制作用.在厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥工艺的实际运行过程中,应避免过长的基质利用阶段与基质匮乏阶段,总氮质量浓度应保持在150~210 mg/L,无机碳质量浓度应保持在IC/TN为0.1~0.2,有机物质量浓度应保持在COD/TN0.5.