Characterization of polyhydroxyalkanoates synthesized in activated sludge using three carbon sources

Polyhydroxyalkanoates(PHAs) were synthesized in activated sludge using three types of carbon sources (sodium acetate,sodium propionate and sodium butyrate), and their characterization were studied. It was shown that the content of PHA synthesized by microorganisms in activated sludge were different. The biggest synthetic amount up to 36.7% of VSS was obtained when sodium acetate was used as carbon source. The polymer yield was lower when using sodium propionate as the carbon source than when using others, with 25.1% of VSS, while resulted in an increase of hydroxyvalerate(HV) units produced. The structure and thermal properties of extracted biopolymers were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and themo-gravimetry (TG).     

Characteristics of coal sludge slurry prepared by a wet-grinding process

Coal sludge slurry(CSS) is an alternative fuel and a potential competitive method for sludge reduction.Based on the researches of coal water slurry, we studied CSSs by using a wet-grinding process with different types of regional municipal sludge(sludge) in an orthogonal experiment. The sludge type,sludge mixing proportion, dosage of dispersant, and grinding time were tested in this study. The results show that water content and its occurrence characteristics in the sludge have primary hindering influences on slurry ability. The range of fixed-viscosity concentrations with raw wet sludge is from 50.78%to 44.40%(by weight), while the range is from 53.35% to 51.51%(by weight) with dry sludge. All of the CSSs exhibit shear-thinning behaviors with different variation trends, especially the CSSs with more than 15%(by weight) raw wet sludge in it. Adding the same proportion of raw wet sludge increases the thixotropic properties of CSSs and the highest area of thixotropy loop is 3065 Pa/s, while the highest value of dry sludge is 1798 Pa/s. Hydrophilic group plays an important role in adsorbing water and building three-dimension networks with other particles, which is the main reason for CSS properties.Therefore, the mechanism can be used to find the way for making high quality CSS.     

污泥燃烧特性及动力学分析

利用热重分析方法对污水污泥、罐底油泥的燃烧进行了试验研究。结果表明:污泥的主要失重阶段为挥发分的析出燃烧阶段,升温速率的提高使得污泥燃烧由于热滞后现象向高温区域偏移,燃烧特性指数呈升高趋势。随升温速率的增加,污泥的着火温度呈升高趋势。采用C-R方法求解动力学参数,确定燃烧机理。结果表明:污水污泥低温段的燃烧机理为随机成核和随后生长,高温段的燃烧机理为二维扩散,罐底油泥低温段的燃烧机理为随机成核和随后生长,高温段的燃烧机理为三维扩散。     

腐殖活性污泥生化特征及处理效能

为探讨腐殖活性污泥的生物化学特征及其作用机理,对腐殖生物填料进行扫描电镜和能谱(SEM-EDAX)测定,表明填料中主要组成元素为C、O、Si,同时含有少量Al、S、Fe. 腐殖活性污泥与普通活性污泥中若干特征菌群的对比分析表明,腐殖活性污泥中的一般细菌总量、硝酸菌、亚硝酸菌、脱氮菌及放线菌含量明显高于普通活性污泥;腐殖活性污泥中有机质的质量分数比普通活性污泥低,但腐殖酸及富里酸和胡敏酸质量分数明显高于普通活性污泥;腐殖活性污泥法运行的SBR反应器对CODCr、TP和TN的去除效果优于普通SBR反应器,分别高出4％、14％和10％．     

低温SBR系统活性污泥硝化效能的pH调控

为进一步提高低温(15 ℃)SBR系统的硝化效能,通过间歇培养实验探讨pH对系统活性污泥硝化效能的调控与影响．结果表明,将初始pH控制为8.0～9.0,低温SBR系统的活性污泥(以MLSS计)具有最佳的氨氮氧化能力,在NO₂--N积累阶段对NH₄+-N的比去除速率可达25.49 g·kg-1·d-1,NO₂--N的比生成速率达22 g·kg-1·d-1;初始pH为7.5～8.0时,NO₂--N氧化效果最佳,NO₃--N的比生成速率可达35.6 g·kg-1·d-1;将反应系统的pH维持在8.0,可使亚硝酸菌和硝酸菌代谢活性均保持在较高水平,达到良好的硝化效果．     

不同曝气剪切条件下活性污泥絮体特性研究

采用轮流搅拌-曝气SBR系统模拟两种不同曝气方式(分点曝气和分段曝气),研究其形成的污泥絮体特性.结果表明:在相同的运行条件下,分点曝气形成的污泥絮体尺度大、沉降性能好,两者的SVI平均值分别为133mL/g和202mL/g,平均粒径分别为74.26μm和53.46μm,而且分点曝气中拥有更多的大颗粒絮体;分点曝气形成的污泥絮体稳定性优于分段曝气,在连续曝气条件下,两种污泥絮体均受到剪切破碎,不仅初始粒子被剥离,而且絮体也被打碎变小,但分段曝气被破碎的程度更大;分点曝气和分段曝气所形成的污泥絮体的EPS含量分别为31.21mg/gVSS和21.6mg/gVSS,且前者EPS中的多糖、蛋白质和DNA组分均比后者多,两者EPS的主要组分以蛋白质为主.两种污泥经连续曝气3h后,EPS皆增大,且多糖含量增加较多;分点曝气和分段曝气形成的污泥比阻分别为5.21×1012 m/kg和7.94×1012 m/kg,前者污泥的脱水性能较好.经连续曝气3h后,两种污泥的比阻明显增大,脱水性能变差.     

固化淤泥土压缩性试验研究

淤泥由于含水率高强度低,无法直接作为工程用土。对淤泥进行固化处理,可以实现废弃淤泥的资源化利用。选择常州市武进区废弃淤泥作为研究对象,利用42.5普通硅酸盐水泥作为固化添加剂,通过固化淤泥的单向压缩试验,探讨4种水泥参量变化条件下共24个试样的压缩变化机理,描述水泥添加量对压缩模量的影响,分析其影响规律。通过试验对比分析,可知：同一含水率下,淤泥随着水泥参量的增加,试样压缩性减小;各试样在压缩试验过程中,其压缩变形规律基本一致,荷载达到200kPa时,其压缩性趋于稳定;随着固结压力的不断增加,沉降变形量逐渐减缓,最后趋于收敛;随着水泥参量的增加,同一应力条件下,试样稳定需要的时间缩短;淤泥固化效果在水泥参量接近50%时较优,超过此数值,强度虽提高,固化工作经济效益降低。     

超声场强化污泥对流干燥热湿耦合迁移过程的数值模拟

为理论上有效预测超声作用对污泥对流干燥过程的影响,基于非平衡热力学理论,建立了超声场作用下污泥对流干燥热湿耦合迁移过程的数学模型.对不同声能密度作用下污泥内部温度及湿度场分布进行数值模拟.结果表明,超声作用可以有效加速污泥内部的湿迁移过程,但超声强化效果随污泥厚度增大而逐渐减弱.此外,超声热效应使污泥温度有所升高,但污泥内部的温度梯度却略有降低,因此,污泥内部由温度梯度引起的湿分扩散并未因超声波作用而得到强化.     

基于骨架构建污泥固化体收缩与开裂特性的研究

针对传统污泥固化方法中固化污泥体易收缩开裂等问题,基于骨架构造原理,用煤矸石作为骨料,加入水泥、生石灰、粉煤灰等固化材料,按照不同配比对污泥进行一系列的固化实验。考察了在28 d养护龄期污泥固化结实体的开裂与收缩特性。研究表明加入煤矸石作为骨料能有效地抑制固化污泥的收缩与开裂,生石灰能抑制开裂,粉煤灰对污泥固化体的收缩开裂特性影响较小。     

Biosorption behaviors of Cu~(2 ),Zn~(2 ),Cd~(2 ) and mixture by waste activated sludge

1Introduction Waste activated sludge is the by-product of sewage treated by activated sludge process.According to incomplete statistic,in China sewage discharge amount is4.474×107m3/d[1],and there are more than100sewage treatment plants with different sc…