Energy flux characteristics of seismic waves at the interface between soil layers with different saturations

Based on the multiphase poroelasticity theory describing the propagation of waves in the unsaturated fluid-saturated porous medium, the reflection and transmission coefficients of the seismic waves at the interface between soil layers with different saturations are obtained. Our unsaturated model consists of a deformable skeleton in which two compressible and viscous fluids (i.e., water and gas) flow in the interstices. Three compressional waves (i.e., P1, P2, and P3 waves) and one shear (i.e., S wave) wave exist in the unsaturated soils. The expressions for the energy ratios of the various reflected and transmitted waves at the interface during the transmission and reflection processes are presented in explicit forms accordingly. At last, numerical computations are performed and the results obtained are respectively depicted graphically. The variation of the energy ratios with the incident angle, wave frequency and saturation degrees of the upper and lower soil layers is illustrated in detail. The calculation results show that the allocation of incident seismic waves at the interface is influenced not only by the angle and frequency of the incident seismic waves, but also by the saturations of the upper and lower soil layers. It is also verified that, at the interface, the sum of energy ratios of the reflected and transmitted waves is approximately equal to unity as was expected. This study is of importance to several fields such as geotechnical engineering, seismology, and geophysics.     

Nonlinear seismic response analysis of reinforced concrete tube in tube structure

Super-highly reinforced concrete tube in tube structure is a developing structure system of high-rise building. The more reasonable derivation process of the multi-vertical-line-element model stiffness matrix is given.On the premise of pointing out the problems of present multi-spring element model, combined with present multivertical-line-element model for analyzing on shear wall, the model is expanded to spatial one, and the stiffness matrix of which is derived. Combined with hysteretic axial model and hysteretic shear model, it is suitable for columns,wall limbs and beams with all kinds of section form. Some examples are calculated and compared with test results,which shows that the models have relatively good accuracy. On the base of the experimental phenomenon and failure mechanism for tube in tube structure specimen, nonlinear seismic responses analysis program on the basis of the advantaged element model for tube in tube structure is developed. Calculation results are in good agreement with those of the pseudo-dynamic tests and the failure mechanism can be well reflected.     

土层地基上建筑结构混合控制的减震效率

研究土 -结构相互作用对结构混合控制减震效能的影响。首先建立了土层地基上结构混合控制的运动方程 ,通过不同输入地震波、不同土层剪切波速、不同结构参数等条件下的数值分析 ,讨论了桩基础对结构混合控制减震效率的影响规律。数值结果表明 :对于土 -结构相互作用体系 ,采用混合控制的减震效率明显要强于单一的 TL D的减震效率 ;在土层较为坚硬的情况下 ,混合控制仍具有较高减震效能 ;随着土层变软 ,土 -结构相互作用减小结构地震反应的效应趋于明显 ,混合控制的减震效率明显降低 ,因此 ,对软土地基上的结构实施混合控制时 ,必须先要正确分析土 -结构体系的地震反应。     

二维小波变换理论在地震信号去噪中的应用

针对地震信号随机干扰和规则干扰的特点，运用二维小波变换的理论，设计了相应的变换域去噪滤波器。理论记录和实际野外记录试算表明，二维小波变换具有较强的信噪分离作用。只要运用得当就能取得满意的效果。     

A Neuro-fuzzy Coding for Processing Incomplete Data: Application to the Classification of Seismic Events

This letter presents a method for modelling and processing incomplete data in connectionist systems. The approach consists in applying a neuro-fuzzy coding to the input data of a neural network. After an introduction to the different kinds of imperfections, we propose a neuro-fuzzy coding in order to take incomplete data into account. We show the efficiency of this coding on the problem of the classification of seismic events. The results show that a neuro-fuzzy coding of the inputs of a neural network increases the performance and classifies incomplete data with little affect on the results.     

Use of FRP for RC Frames in Seismic Zones: Part II. Performance of Steel-Free GFRP-Reinforced Beam-Column Joints

The use of FRP as reinforcement in concrete structures has been growing rapidly due to its advantages over conventional steel reinforcement (e.g., corrosion resistance, light weight, magnetic neutrality). A potential application of FRP reinforcement is in structural concrete frames. However, current seismic design standards and detailing criteria for beam-column joints were established for steel reinforcement and may be unsuitable for FRP reinforcement due to its different mechanical properties. During recent earthquakes, many structural collapses were initiated or caused by beam-column joint failures. Since there are no detailed specifications for the application of FRP reinforcement in seismic zones, research is needed to gain a better understanding of the behaviour of FRP-reinforced concrete under seismic loading. In this study, two full-scale beam-column joint specimens reinforced with steel and GFRP, respectively, were tested in order to investigate their performance in the event of an earthquake. The control steel-reinforced specimen is detailed according to the Canadian Code (CSA A23.3-94) recommendations. The GFRP-reinforced specimen is detailed in a similar scheme but using a GFRP grid. The behaviour of the two specimens under reversed cyclic loading, their load-storey drift envelope relationship and energy dissipation ability were compared. The GFRP-reinforced specimen showed a predominantly elastic behaviour up to failure. While its energy dissipation was low, its performance was acceptable in terms of total storey drift demand.     

基于国产FPGA 的多源视频信号拼接系统设计

针对目前视频拼接技术存在动态视频数据速度慢、分辨率较低的问题,设计了一种能够将两路摄像头和两路高清晰 度多媒体接口(high definition multimedia interface,HDMI)输入的动态视频数据进行拼接处理的系统。系统以紫光同创公司 Pango logos系列现场可编程门阵列(field programmable gate array,FPGA)器件为核心,由时钟控制、寄存器配置、数据采集、 先进先出(first in first out,FIFO)数据存储控制、第3代双倍速率同步动态随机存储(double-data-rate 3 synchronous dynamic RAM,DDR3 SDRAM)等逻辑功能模块组成。设计实现了DDR3IP 核的读写控制、图像缩放及视频拼接算法,使用Inserter 和 Debugger 对主要功能模块进行了仿真测试,并进行了视频采集实验,结果表明,系统能够完成4路动态视频的拼接显示,分 辨率达到1920×1080,刷新速率为60 fps,占用的查找表(look up table,LUT)资源为18%。支持多种动态数据输入方式,具 有便携性好、帧率分辨率高、片上资源占用率低等特点,可用于动态视频拼接的应用场景。     

Analysis on safety production in coal mines Henan Province

Based on the rigorous situation of safety production in coal mines, the paper analyzed the statistical data of recent accidents indexes in Henan＇s coal mines. Using investigation and comparison analysis methods, a specified analysis on mining conditions, technical facility level, safety input and vocational quality of workers in Henan＇s coal mines was conducted. The result indicates that there have been existing such main safety production problems as weak safety management, low-level facilities, inadequate safety input and poor vocational quality and so on. Finally it proposes such reference solutions as to establish and perfect coal mining supervision and management system, to increase safety investment into techniques and facilities and to strengthen workers＇ safety education and introduction of more high-level professional talents.     

基于复小波变换全监督学习的微震波形降噪与相位拾取

由于井下微震信号有着更低的信噪比, 导致信号拾取精度降低. 现阶段基于小波阈值的信号降噪算法等在面对信噪比较低的信号时存在泛化性差, 阈值难以衡量等问题. 为解决这一问题, 本文研究了一种复小波变换全监督学习的微震波形降噪方法. 该方法首先利用复小波变换结合卷积自编器设计一个具有多个卷积和反卷积操作的编码-解码器完成图像的降噪过程. 为验证此方法的有效性, 首先在Stanford的Earthquake数据集上构建了Earthquake2023进行训练和测试, 并有着较好地拟合效果和训练结果. 同时基于该方法降噪后信号设计了一种震相拾取方法, 并达到了较高的拾取精度. 本文设计了多组对比实验, 结果表明此降噪方法能有效提高信号的峰值信噪比和均方根误差, 两者分别提高了16 dB和24%, P波、S波初至到时拾取的误差相较于STA/LTA减小了0.3 ms.     

浅谈用户输入对web程序安全的威胁及对策

分析了用户输入对web程序的安全带来的威胁,提出了构建应用程序安全的对策,并介绍了几种常用的工具。